Ukungezwani komzimba nesifuba yizinto ezijwayelekile ezithinta izingane eziningi ezifunda esikoleni, zidala izimpawu ezingathinta imisebenzi yazo yansuku zonke, kuhlanganise nokusebenza kwesikole nokuxhumana nabantu. Ukusingatha lezi zimo ngempumelelo kubalulekile empilweni nasekukhuleni kwengane yakho. Ngohlelo olufanele lokwelapha, ukulungisa indlela yokuphila, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, izingane eziningi ezingenwe yilesi sifo zesifuba zingaphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza iseluleko esisebenzisekayo ngokuphatha ukungezwani komzimba nesifuba ezinganeni ezifunda esikoleni, kuhlanganise nokukhomba okubangela ukungezwani, ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza, nokuqinisekisa imvelo ephephile yengane yakho.
1. Qonda Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokungezwani Komzimba Nesifuba
Kuyini Ukungezwani Komzimba?
Ukungezwani komzimba kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba esabela ngokweqile ezintweni (ama-allergen) ngokuvamile ezingalimazi, njengempova, izintwala zothuli, uboya bezilwane, noma ukudla okuthile. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokungezwani komzimba ezinganeni zihlanganisa ukuthimula, ikhala eligijima, amehlo aluma, nokuqubuka kwesikhumba.
Kuyini Isifuba?
Isifuba yisimo esingelapheki esiphefumulayo esenza imigudu yomoya ivuvukale futhi inciphe, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ingane iphefumule. Izimpawu zesifuba zihlanganisa ukuhona, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuqina kwesifuba. Isifuba ngokuvamile sibangwa ukungezwani komzimba, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, umoya obandayo, noma izifo zokuphefumula.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Sebenza nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze unqume ukuthi ingane yakho inokungezwani komzimba, isifuba, noma kokubili.
- Gcina umkhondo wezimpawu zengane yakho kanye nezibangeli zazo ukuze usize ukukhomba amaphethini futhi udale uhlelo olusebenzayo lokuphatha.
2. Khomba futhi Ugweme Okubangela Ukungezwani
Okubangela Ukungezwani Komzimba Okujwayelekile
- Ama-allergen emvelo: Impova, izintwala zothuli, isikhunta, uboya bezilwane, namathe okwezinyane.
- Ama-allergen okudla: Ama-allergen okudla ajwayelekile ahlanganisa amakinati, amaqanda, ubisi, usoya, ukolo, inhlanzi, ukudla kwasolwandle, namantongomane esihlahla.
- Okubangela ukungezwani ngesizini: Impova ye-Ragweed, impova yesihlahla, nempova yotshani ama-allergen ajwayelekile esizini.
- Izinto ezicasulayo emoyeni: Intuthu, amakha anamandla, noma imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ingacasula imigudu yomoya.
Okubangela Isifuba
- Ama-allergen: Njengoba kushiwo, izintwala zothuli, impova, uboya bezilwane, nesikhunta yizibangeli ezijwayelekile.
- Izifo zokuphefumula: Umkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane omkhulu kungabangela izimpawu zesifuba.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Umsebenzi womzimba, ikakhulukazi emoyeni obandayo, owomile, ungaholela ekuqubukeni kwesifuba.
- Izimo zezulu: Umoya obandayo, owomile noma umoya omncane ungabhebhethekisa izimpawu zesifuba.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gada futhi unciphise ukuchayeka kuma-allergen noma izinto ezicasulayo ezaziwayo, njengokugcina amafasitela evaliwe ngesikhathi sezimbali ezinempova eningi noma ukusebenzisa izinto zokulala ezingangenwa yi-allergen.
- Dala imvelo ehlanzekile, engenama-allergen ekhaya ngokufaka umshini wokuhlanza njalo, ukuwasha amashidi, nangokunciphisa ukuba khona kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezindaweni zokulala.
- Uma ukungezwani nokudla kuyinkinga, hlala ufunda amalebula ezithako ngokucophelela futhi wazise othisha noma abanakekeli mayelana nemingcele yokudla kwengane yakho.
3. Yakha Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokungezwani Komzimba Nesifuba
Sebenza Nodokotela Wakho Wezingane
Uhlelo lokusebenza lomuntu siqu lubalulekile ekuphatheni kokubili ukungezwani komzimba nesifuba. Lolu hlelo kufanele lucacise izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ngezinsuku ezivamile nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ngokungezwani komzimba: Faka ulwazi ngemithi yansuku zonke, imithi yesimo esiphuthumayo (isb., i-epinephrine yokungezwani komzimba okubi kakhulu), nezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma kuhlasela ukungezwani komzimba (njengokugwema ukudla okuthile noma ukusebenzisa ama-antihistamine).
- Ngesifuba: Faka imiyalelo kuma-inhaler ansuku zonke (imithi yokuvimbela), indlela yokusebenzisa i-inhaler yokusiza (ama-bronchodilator) ngesikhathi kuhlasela isifuba, nohlu lokubangela isifuba okufanele kugwenywe.
- Gcina ikhophi yohlelo lokusebenza esikoleni, endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezingane, nababheki ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu unolwazi mayelana nokuphatha ukungezwani komzimba noma isifuba sengane yakho.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwemithi
Imithi Yokungezwani Komzimba
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engasiza ukulawula izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba:
- Ama-antihistamine: Asiza ukukhulula izimpawu ezifana nokuthimula, ikhala eligijima, nokuluma.
- Ama-steroid ekhaleni: Anciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yamakhala futhi alawule ukuvaleka kwamakhala.
- Ama-decongestant: Anikeza ukukhululeka kwesikhashana ekuvalekeni kwamakhala (sebenzisa ngokucophelela nangaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela).
Imithi Yesifuba
Imithi yesifuba ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Imithi yokuvimbela: Lezi zihlanganisa ama-corticosteroid aphefumulayo, ama-leukotriene modifiers, nama-beta-agonist asebenza isikhathi eside, asiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukuhlasela kwesifuba.
- Imithi yokusiza: Ama-bronchodilator asebenza ngokushesha (isb., i-albuterol) anikeza ukukhululeka ngokushesha ngesikhathi isifuba siqubuka ngokuvula imigudu yomoya.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wezingane mayelana nendlela yokunikeza imithi, kuhlanganise nomthamo ofanele nesikhathi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho iyaqonda ukuthi isebenzise kanjani ama-inhaler noma eminye imithi ngendlela efanele. Cabangela ukuzijwayeza ngedivayisi yesikhala ukuze uqinisekise ukuphefumula okufanele.
- Gcina umkhondo wesimiso semithi yengane yakho futhi ugcwalise imiyalelo ngesikhathi.
5. Qinisekisa Ukuphepha Esikoleni
Ukuxhumana Nothisha Nabanakekeli
Ezinganeni ezinokungezwani komzimba noma isifuba, isikole singaba indawo lapho zingahlangana khona nezibangeli ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukuthi othisha, abahlengikazi besikole, nabanakekeli bazazi izimo zengane yakho futhi babe nohlelo oluhlelekile lokuphatha lolu hlelo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Yazisa isikole mayelana nokungezwani komzimba noma isifuba sengane yakho futhi usinikeze ikhophi yohlelo lokusebenza.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi besikole bayazi ukuthi imithi yesimo esiphuthumayo, njengomjovo we-epinephrine noma i-inhaler, igcinwe kuphi.
- Uma ingane yakho inokungezwani nokudla, hlanganyela nesikole ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi kunikezwa ukudla okulula nokudla okuphephile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulebula ukudla, ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwezinye izinto, nokuqapha amaphathi esikole noma imicimbi.
6. Khuthaza Imikhuba Emihle
Ukusekela Impilo Yonke Yengane Yakho
Indlela yokuphila enempilo ingasekele ukuphathwa kokungezwani komzimba nesifuba ngokuqinisa amasosha omzimba nokunciphisa amathuba okuqubuka kwezimpawu.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ukudla okunempilo: Nikeza ukudla okulinganiselayo okusekela amasosha omzimba wengane yakho. Uma ingane yakho inokungezwani nokudla, qiniseka ukuthi ugwema ama-allergen aziwayo futhi uthintane nesazi sokudla uma kudingeka.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ihlale isebenza, kodwa thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ngesifuba. Qinisekisa ukuthi isebenzisa i-inhaler yayo yokusiza ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca umzimba uma kunconywe udokotela wayo.
- Ukulala ngokwanele: Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ilala ngokwanele, ngoba ukuntuleka kokulala kungaqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi kubhebhethekise izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba noma isifuba.
- Ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele: Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze amanzi amaningi ukuze usize ukunciphisa amafinyila futhi igcine imigudu yomoya imanzi.
7. Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo
Ukwenza Ikhaya Lakho Lingabi Nama-allergen Nesifuba
Ukwakha imvelo engenama-allergen ekhaya kunganciphisa ukuvama nobubi bezimpawu zengane yakho.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile: Hlanza njalo ikhaya lakho ukuze unciphise uthuli, isikhunta, nobisi lwezilwane ezifuywayo. Sebenzisa umshini wokuhlanza one-HEPA filter ukuze ubambe ama-allergen.
- Sebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya: Cabangela ukusebenzisa izihlanzi zomoya ze-HEPA ekamelweni lengane yakho noma kwezinye izindawo zasekhaya ukuze unciphise ama-allergen asemoyeni.
- Lawula umswakama: Gcina amazinga omswakama elawuleka ukuze uvimbele ukukhula kwesikhunta. Sebenzisa i-dehumidifier ezindaweni ezinomswakama njengasegumbini elingaphansi noma endlini yokugezela.
8. Gada futhi Lungisa Uhlelo Njengoba Kudingeka
Ukugada Nokulungisa Okuhlelekile
Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nesifuba zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubuyekeza njalo futhi ulungise uhlelo lokusebenza lwengane yakho ngosizo lomsizi wayo wezempilo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gada njalo izimpawu zengane yakho futhi ulungise imithi yayo njengoba kudingeka. Uma ubona izimpawu ezibhebhethekayo noma izibangeli ezintsha, thintana nodokotela wakho wezingane.
- Phakathi nezinhlolokhono ezivamile, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko emithini noma izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezingasiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sengane yakho.
- Yazi mayelana nezinguquko zemvelo, njengokungezwani komzimba kwesizini noma izinguquko ekhwalithi yomoya, futhi ulungise uhlelo lwengane yakho ngokufanele.
9. Ukuphendula Esimweni Esiphuthumayo
Yazi Ukuthi Nini Kufanele Ufune Usizo Lwezokwelapha
Kwezinye izimo, ukungezwani komzimba noma ukuqubuka kwesifuba kungaba kubi futhi kudingeke ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Ukwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufune usizo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwengane yakho.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ngokungezwani komzimba: Uma ingane yakho ihlangabezana nokuvuvukala kwezindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukuqubuka okukhulu, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha, ngoba lezi kungaba izimpawu ze-anaphylaxis.
- Ngesifuba: Uma izimpawu zesifuba sengane yakho zibhebhetheka naphezu kokusebenzisa i-inhaler yayo, noma uma ihlangabezana nokuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma izindebe ziba luhlaza, funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
Ukuphatha ukungezwani komzimba nesifuba ezinganeni ezifunda esikoleni kudinga ukunakekelwa okuhlelekile, ukuqonda, nokugada njalo. Ngokukhomba okubangela ukungezwani, ukwakha uhlelo lokusebenza oluningiliziwe, nokugcina ukuxhumana okuvulekile nabanakekeli, othisha, nabanikezeli bezempilo, ungasiza ingane yakho iphathe isimo sayo ngempumelelo. Ngamasu afanelekayo, izingane ezinokungezwani komzimba nesifuba zingaphila impilo enempilo, esebenzayo, futhi egcwele, kokubili esikoleni nangaphandle kwaso.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
1. Ngingazi kanjani uma isifuba sengane yami silawuleka?
Uma ingane yakho inokuhlasela kwesifuba okuncane, idinga i-inhaler yayo yokusiza kancane, futhi ingenakho ukuphefumula okunzima noma ukukhwehlela ebusuku, isifuba sayo cishe silawuleka kahle. Thintana nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze uthole uhlelo lokusebenza oluhlelekile.
2. Ukungezwani komzimba kungabangela izimpawu zesifuba?
Yebo, ama-allergen afana nempova, izintwala zothuli, nobisi lwezilwane ezifuywayo kungabangela izimpawu zesifuba ezinganeni esezivele zizwela kula ma-allergen.
3. Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezibangela ukungezwani nokudla ezinganeni?
Izinto ezibangela ukungezwani nokudla zihlanganisa ubisi, amaqanda, amakinati, amantongomane esihlahla, ukolo, usoya, inhlanzi, nokudla kwasolwandle. Uma ingane yakho inokungezwani nokudla, hlala uhlola amalebula ezithako futhi uxhumane nabanakekeli nothisha mayelana nokungezwani kwayo.
4. Ukuzivocavoca kungabangela isifuba ezinganeni?
Yebo, isifuba esibangelwa ukuzivocavoca umzimba singenzeka ezinganeni ezinesifuba. Hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho isebenzisa i-inhaler yayo ngaphambi kokuzivocavoca umzimba uma kunconywe udokotela wayo.
5. Ngingenzenjani uma ingane yami inokungezwani komzimba okubi esikoleni?
Qinisekisa ukuthi isikole sengane yakho sinohlelo lwesimo esiphuthumayo, kuhlanganise nokufinyelela ku-epinephrine uma kudingeka. Qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi besikole bayazi mayelana nokungezwani komzimba kwengane yakho nokuthi basebenzise kanjani umjovo we-epinephrine uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
