Ubuntwana kufanele budlale. Ukudlala kuthiwa kuwumsebenzi wezingane. Kodwa, ngezinye izikhathi, ikhono lokudlala liba nzima lapho izingane zinezimo ezifana ne-Attention Deficit Disorder, noma zingenawo ama-hyperactivity (ADD/ADHD).
Ingxenye yokuphila nengane ene-ADHD ukuqonda izidingo ezikhethekile zalezi zingane ukuze ugcine ukulinganisela okujabulisayo nokunempilo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isidingo sokukhetha izinto zokudlala ezifanele ukuze imisebenzi yesikhathi sokudlala ingacindezeli kakhulu ngokungqubuzana nalokho lezi zingane ezingakuphatha ngokunethezeka nokuzijabulela. Enye indlela esiyizwe ngayo i-ADHD ichazwa ukuthi wukuphazamiseka kokusebenza hhayi ukuntula ulwazi noma ikhono. Iboniswa ngokuyinhloko njengeqoqo lezimpawu eziphazamisa ikhono lokugxila emsebenzini futhi uwuqede.
Ongoti bengqondo yezingane kanye nodokotela bengqondo bayakwazisa ukubaluleka kokudlala ekwelapheni izingane ezine-ADHD. Izinhlobo ezifanele zokudlala zivumela izingane ukuba ziveze indlela ezizizwa ngayo ngezindlela ezingeke zenze ngenye indlela. Ukudlala ngaphakathi komongo ofanele kanye nokugadwa okufanele nakho kungathuthukisa amakhono engane okugxilisa ingqondo futhi kuyisize ifunde izinto eziyisisekelo zokusebenzelana kakhudlwana nezinye izingane. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuze kuxilongwe kahle futhi kucatshangelwe imithi ngokuqinisekile kuwumgogodla wokwelashwa kwe-ADHD. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, ukuphatha kahle indawo yengane nemisebenzi kungenza lukhulu ukugcina izimpawu zokuziphatha zilawulwa.
Ithoyizi akudingekile ukuba ligcwale izingxenye ezihambayo noma ze-elekthronikhi ukuze ushukumise umcabango wengane. Izingane ezine-ADHD zivame ukuba nobunzima ngemiyalelo yezinyathelo eziningi futhi azikwazi ukuhlala zigxile emsebenzini owenziwayo. Bavame ukukhungatheka ngokwabo kulezi zimo. Amathoyizi angaba lula kakhulu futhi enze umsebenzi ongcono wokugcina ingane igxile futhi ijabule kanye nokumnika ithuba lokuveza imizwa yakhe. Izigaba ezimbili ezinjalo zamathoyizi ziwumdlalo wokuzenzisa kanye nezinto zobuciko.
Ukuvumelana nezimo kwale misebenzi yokudlala yendabuko kungase kube lula noma kuhileleke njengoba ithuba livuma. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinhlobo zokudlala ziyizehlakalo ezinobude obushintshashintsha ngokuphelele, ingane ingaqedela umsebenzi futhi ibe nomuzwa wokufeza okuthile futhi yakhe ukuzethemba.
Enye inzuzo yokuzenzisa kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko yezingane ezine-ADHD ukuthi lezi zigaba zokudlala zivumela abazali nabanakekeli ukuba banikeze impendulo eyakhayo kanye nokuqinisa okubalulekile ekugcineni ingane igxile...futhi okubalulekile ekuzethembeni kwengane.
Dlala sengathi:
Izingane cishe zayo yonke iminyaka zijabulela ukudlala sengathi ziyazuza ekuhloleni imizwa elikunikezayo. Onodoli nezibalo zesenzo, onodoli, izingubo zokugqoka ngisho namabhulokhi yizo zonke izigaba zamathoyizi ezivumela ingane ukuba icabange futhi ilingise izimo. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa okufanele, izingane ezine-ADHD zingafunda ukubaluleka kokucabangela imiphumela yezenzo zazo. Njengoba benquma ukuthi yini elandelayo ezokwenzeka ephusheni labo, bangathola ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi abanye basabela kanjani ezenzweni ezithile. Ezimeni lapho ungabakhuthaza ukuthi baqedele uchungechunge lwendaba, ungabasiza futhi ukuthi bajwayele ukulandela umsebenzi othile.
Idrama:
Imisebenzi eyidrama efana nokusikisela, ukuphindaphinda, imibukiso yopopayi kanye nokuxoxa indaba kungenza ingane igxile ekubeni umlingiswa ohlukile okwesikhashana. Zifake imvunulo futhi ubuke ukuthi ziqala ngokushesha kangakanani ukungena emlingiswa. Nokho, kungase kudinge isiqondiso kuwe ukuze ubagcine begxilile futhi bejabulela umcimbi.
Izimpahla zokugqoka akufanele zibe nemininingwane ukuze zivumele ingane ibe omunye umlingiswa. Idinga kuphela ukumela. Uphaphe olulodwa ebhandeni, uthayi, ukukhuhla noma ngisho uphawu noma isichibi esiboshelwe engutsheni kwanele ukuvumela ingane igxumele kwenye indima. Vumela ingane ukuthi isebenzise umcabango wayo ukusiza ukuthola izingcezu zemvunulo njengengxenye yenqubo yokudlala emangalisayo. Futhi ungawavimbeli ebhokisini lemvunulo. Ama-colander enza izigqoko ezinhle zesikhala.
Lapho izingane zikaSid zisakhula, “zazinekhabethe lezingubo zokugqoka” elinezinhlobonhlobo zamajazi, amahembe anemibala egqamile, izigqoko nezinye izinto ezifana nezikhafu, amabhande, amawigi kanye namaski. Uma i-athikili yempahla iphelelwa isikhathi, ngaphambi kokuyilahla, bazocabangela amandla ayo emvunulo. Ukuhlanganisa imvunulo ye-Halloween kwakuhlale kuwumcimbi omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala eNew Orleans kusinika iMardi Gras njengomcimbi wesibili wezindleko unyaka ngamunye.
Izindlu zokudlala namatende okudlala:
Ukunikeza ingane indawo eyedwa kuyindlela enhle yokukhuthaza umdlalo wokuzenzisa oqanjiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwelula ishidi phezu kwezihlalo zegumbi lokudlela ukuze kwenziwe indlu noma indlu yokudlala engaphakathi noma engaphandle ethengiwe noma itende lokudlala elinetimu, ingane ikhululekile ukudlala indima kanye nezimo zokuzilungisa ezingase zenzeke esikhaleni.
E-The Creativity Institute, siphethe izinhlobo ezimbalwa zama-Playhouses, amatende okudlala kanye namahubhu ezindikimba ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa i-teepee, inqaba kanye nokucasha kwezempi. Siphinde siphathe ama-puppet theatre angaphinda kabili njengezitolo zokudlala nezinye izinhlobo zezindawo zokudlala. Amabhulokhi ethu amakhulu anegwebu makhulu ngokwanele ukuba enze izakhiwo zokuzenzisa kanye namahubhu ingane engagibela ngapha nangapha. Siphinde sibe namaphaneli okudlala anganyakaziswa ukuze akhe ingxube eshintshashintshayo yezindawo zokudlala. Lolu hlobo lokudlala lokuzenzisa luphinde lube lula ekudlaleni nabanye, lunikeza ingane ithuba lokuthuthukisa lawo makhono abaluleke kakhulu okuxhumana nabantu.
Imibukiso ye-Puppet:
Opopayi bavumela ingane ukuthi ilingise izindima eziningi ezihlukene futhi ijabule ngamazwi abalingiswa. Kunemithombo eminingi ye-skits engashintshwa ibe yisiteji sopopayi ngisho nemibhalo elungele ukwenza emtapweni wolwazi wakho nakuwebhu. E-The Creativity Institute, sinesigaba esiphathelene ne-puppetry ngonopopi nezinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Uzothola izinsiza zeskripthi ze-tp ku-inthanethi namathiphu opopayi. Ukwenza kube lula ukuqalisa, sihlanganise onodoli namaphakheji wetiyetha yonodoli futhi sahlanganisa abalingisi bonodoli abanemibhalo ehambisanayo, elungele ukudlala. Futhi, isiqondiso sakho sizobaluleka kakhulu ekunikezeni isakhiwo esanele somcimbi esizovumela izingane zibe nomuzwa omkhulu wokufeza okuthile futhi zihlale zinentshisekelo isikhathi eside.
Iqophe.
Ukwehlisa ama-performance ku-tape kunikeza wonke umuntu amathuba amaningi okuhleka futhi akujabulele futhi. Kunomehluko phakathi kokuthepha izingane ezidlalayo ekudaleni ukusebenza kanye “nokwenza imuvi” yohlelo, futhi kokubili kuhle ukukubuka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuthepha izingane lapho zidlala kukhombisa ukusebenza kwazo, kanye nokuzilungiselela ngemuva kwesigcawu. Ukwenza ifilimu kuyindaba nje yokuzama ukuthwebula lokho izethameli ezingabonwa. Okufanele ukwenze nje ukulungiselela izingane indawo yesigameko futhi uqale futhi umise ikhamera ngezikhathi ezifanele - bese uqhubekela phambili. Ungakwazi ngisho nokuqala ngekhadi lesihloko izingane ezingalenza kulo mbukiso - zisebenzisa amakhono azo obuciko.
Izindlu zodoli namasethi omsebenzi:
Ukudlala ngonodoli nezibalo zesenzo kungelinye ithuba elibalulekile lokudlala ukuzenzisa. Izindlu zodoli, imikhumbi yezigebengu zamathoyizi, izinqaba, izindawo zokucisha umlilo, amapulazi kanye namanye amasethi omsebenzi wesintu anomlingo wokuvumela izingane ukuba zilahleke emicabangweni yazo. Ngisho namasethi omsebenzi adume kakhulu asekelwe kumamuvi nezinhlelo ze-TV avumela amathuba afanayo. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi imicabango ingenzani ngamabhokisi, amabhlogo nanoma yini engase ibe isilungiselelo seseshini yokudlala yokudala.
Amabhulokhi:
Amathoyizi ezingane ezine-ADHD kufanele abe lula futhi akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwemicabango yabo, futhi elinye lamathoyizi ayisisekelo amabhlogo. Ukuvimba ukudlala kungaba kuhle iminyaka eminingi. Kusuka ku-stack-up elula kanye nokuzijabulisa okudlulayo kuye ekwakheni okucabangayo. Amabhulokhi afundisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga ngoba ingane ithola ukuthi ukunqwabelanisa nokumatanisa kungaveza kanjani imiphumela ehlukene. Zingase futhi zibe izingxenye zokudlala ukuzenza ngoba ingane ingakwazi ukuphupha ukuthi izakhiwo ziyini. Kukhona namabhulokhi amagwebu amakhulu acishe abe “usayizi wokuphila” futhi avumela izingane ukuba zizenzele ezazo izindlu zokudlala ezimangalisayo. Lawa mabhuloki angasindi ahlukahlukene kakhulu, angagitsheliswa kuwo noma ashunwe ngaphansi. Amabhulokhi kazibuthe kanye namasethi okwakha anezicucu ezixhumeka ngezindlela eziningi kunamabhulokhi ajwayelekile ahlanganayo epulasitiki futhi avumele amathuba amaningi okucabanga. Siphinde siphathe ukukhethwa kwamabhulokhi okhuni endabuko futhi anemibala.
Amabhulokhi, njengamathoyizi amaningi endabuko, anezinye izinzuzo zezemfundo zengane ene-ADHD. Inombolo yemiphumela emihle ayinamkhawulo, ngakho izingane zingaqhubeka nokudlala zize zifinyelele izinga lokwaneliseka komuntu siqu.
Imisebenzi yobuciko:
Noma iyiphi indlela enjengamakhrayoni, izimpawu, ushoki, upende nobumba kunganikeza ingane ingcebo yamathuba okuveza. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ufune ukuphakamisa umqondo wesihloko ukuze uziqalise. Izimpahla zobuciko zingamanye amathoyizi okufundisa angabizi kakhulu ongawanikeza. U-Gwynn wayevame ukuza nezincwadi zokubhala ezindala kanye namasampula angakasetshenziswa ukuze anikeze izingane zakhe iphepha lobuciko elingenamkhawulo. Futhi nansi into ongayizama ngezinga elikhulu. USid wayevame ukuthola amabhodi amaphepha angasetshenzisiwe enkampanini yasendaweni yangaphandle futhi awanamathisele othangweni olungemuva kwendlu yakhe, ngemuva, ukuze anikeze izingane amaphaneli angenalutho angangomdondoshiya wezithombe eziwudongeni. Ushintsho esikalini sekhanvasi yeciko labo lubenza bacabange okungenzeka ngendlela ehlukile futhi lubenza bahlale bemangele amahora amaningi. Enye indlela yokunikeza isakhiwo emisebenzini yobuciko nge-easel yabo. Siphatha ukukhethwa kwama-easel agoqekayo, anezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi alungisekayo ezihlinzeka ngokutholakala kalula kwephepha nezindawo zokudweba.
Izincwadi:
Ziningi izincwadi ezingabamba ukunaka kwengane. Umtapo wolwazi womphakathi uyisiqalo esihle futhi umsebenzi waselabhulali wakho angakusiza. Ukuthengiswa kwegalaji nemibukiso yezincwadi zomphakathi kuyindlela enhle yokwakha umtapo wezincwadi wakho.
Iphothifoliyo ye-Oppenheim Toy Portfolio iklelise amathoyizi aphezulu ezingane ezinenkinga yokunakwa/i-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) futhi yahlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isethi yokwakha kazibuthe, isethi yokudlala yendlu kadoli yetimu yetimu, okokuzihlobisa ngokwakho, ibhodi. imidlalo kanye nebhola lerabha elilula, eliyisisekelo. U-Oppenheim uphinde waphakamisa izigaba ezijwayelekile zamathoyizi zokudlala okumangalisayo nemisebenzi yobuciko.
*I-National Institute of Mental Health itusa ukuthi uma kusolwa i-ADHD, ukuxilonga kufanele kwenziwe uchwepheshe onokuqeqeshwa ku-ADHD. Lokhu kuhlanganisa odokotela bengqondo bezingane, odokotela bengqondo, odokotela bezingane abathuthukayo/abaziphathe kahle, odokotela bezifo zemizwa nosonhlalakahle basemtholampilo. Ngemva kokukhipha ezinye izizathu ezingenzeka zokuziphatha kwengane, uchwepheshe uhlola amarekhodi engane esikoleni nawezokwelapha futhi akhulume nothisha nabazali abagcwalise isikali sokulinganisa ukuziphatha kwengane. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba lonke lolu lwazi selucatshangelwe.
© 2005 The Creativity Institute, Inc. Sicela ababhali bezikweletu u-Gwynn Torres kanye no-Sid Berger be- The Creativity Institute, creativityinstitute.com.
