Izingozi ezinganeni ziyinkinga enkulu yezempilo, eyimbangela enkulu yokufa okungavinjelwa, ukulimala okubi nokukhubazeka isikhathi eside.
Abaneminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5 basengozini enkulu yokulimala ezingozini zasekhaya, njengoba ukuwa kubangela iningi lezingozi ezingabulali kanye nezinsongo zokuphefumula njengokuminyanisa, ukuklinywa nokuklinywa okubangela inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa.
Izingozi eziningi zasekhaya ziyagwemeka ngokuqwashisa okwengeziwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yasekhaya kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo okwengeziwe.
Ishadi lobudeUkusiza ingane yakho ukuthi igweme izingozi ekhaya |
Kuphephile ekhaya: amathiphu wabaneminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5Izinyathelo ezilula ongazithatha ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi izingane zakho ziphephile |
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Yikuphi ukulimala okwenzekayo?
Ukulimala okubi kakhulu kuhlotshaniswa nezingozi ezihlobene nokushisa kanye nokuwa kusuka endaweni ephakeme. Izingane ezindadlana zinamathuba amaningi okuthi ziqhubeke nokuphuka kunozakwabo abancane. Izingane ezincane zinephesenti eliphezulu lokusha nokusha kanye nezingozi zikashevu kanye nokugwinya.
Zenzeka kuphi izingozi?
Inombolo enkulu yezingozi zenzeka egumbini lokuhlala/ lokudlela. Nokho, izingozi ezimbi kakhulu zenzeka ekhishini nasezitebhisini. Njalo ngonyaka izingane ezingaphezu kuka-67,000 zithola ingozi ekhishini - ezingu-43,000 zalezi zineminyaka ephakathi kuka-0-4; Izingane ezingu-58,000 ziba nezingozi ezitebhisini.
Zenzeka nini izingozi?
- Okuningi kwenzeka phakathi kwantambama nasekuqaleni kwakusihlwa, ehlobo, ngamaholide esikole nangezimpelasonto
- Izinto ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukufa ekhaya, ukugula okungapheli, ukungabi nakhaya noma ukuthuthela ekhaya kwandisa amathuba okuba ingane ibe sengozini.
- Okunye kwenzeka lapho kushintshwa indlela evamile noma lapho abantu bejahile
- Iziphazamiso nokungagadiwe ngokwanele ngokuvamile kuyimbangela yezingozi
- Izindlu ezingezinhle nezimo zokuminyana ziholela ekwandeni kwezibalo zezingozi
- Ezinye izingozi zibangelwa ukungakwazi ukujwayelana nendawo ezungezile, isibonelo, lapho uvakashele abangani noma izihlobo, noma lapho uhlala khona ngamaholide.
Izindleko zezingozi zezingane
Kunzima ukunikeza izindleko zangempela zokwelapha izingozi zezingane njengeziguli ezilaliswa esibhedlela kodwa esikhathini esidlule bezilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingaphezu kuka-£275 ngonyaka. Kungabiza imali elinganiselwa ku-£250,000 ukwelapha ukushisa kwamanzi okugeza okukodwa.
Lesi sibalo asibonisi izindleko zesikhathi eside zokwelashwa nokuvuselelwa isikhathi eside noma izindleko zokuhlupheka esigulini. Futhi ayibonisi ukonakala noma ukukhubazeka impilo yonke kanye nokulahlekelwa ngokwezimali kwesiguli nomndeni noma amahora okusebenza alahleka ekunakekeleni ingane elimele.
Ubani osengozini?
- Izingane ezineminyaka engu-0-4 ubudala zinezingozi eziningi kakhulu ekhaya.
- Abafana banamathuba amaningi okuba nezingozi kunamantombazane.
Ukulimala kwasebuntwaneni kuhlobene eduze nokuswela umphakathi. Izingane eziphuma emakhaya ampofu zinamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufa ngenxa yengozi kunezingane eziphuma emindenini ephila kangcono - futhi igebe liyakhula.
Kungani izingane ziba nezingozi?
Ngoba izingane zivame ukugxila ezithakazelweni zazo zangaleso sikhathi zingase zinganaki indawo ezikuyo. Banombono olinganiselwe ngendawo ezungezile kuphela ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi noma intuthuko. Abayazi imiphumela yezimo eziningi ezintsha abahlangabezana nazo nsuku zonke.
Isiqu esincane
Lokhu kungase kuvimbele ingane ekuboneni ngaphezu kwesithiyo noma ibonwe umuntu omdala.
Ukubuza imibuzo
Ilukuluku nomoya wokuzijabulisa kungase kuholele ingane engozini.
I-Bravado ne-horseplay
Abafana ikakhulukazi bathambekele ekubukiseni nasekufinyeleleni amakhono abo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabangane. Izingozi eziningi zidalwa ukudlala kwamahhashi okuhlanganisa ukusunduzana, ukusunduza kanye nokubambana.
Ukucindezeleka
Izingxabano ekhaya kanye nokucasuka ngokomzwelo okubangelwa intukuthelo, umona kanye nenjabulo engaphezu kwenjabulo kungase kubangele ukuba ingane ingene engozini ngokungaboni. Isenzo esinjalo singase senziwe ngamabomu ukuze sifune ukunakwa.
Ukungabi nalwazi
Indlela ingane echaza ngayo isimo ingase inganembile futhi abantu abadala abanakekela izingane ezincane kufanele baqaphele ukuthi bangalindeli okuningi kakhulu kuzo.
Ukugadwa okunganele
Izingane zidinga ukugadwa njalo. Imithi, amaphilisi kanye nezinto ezinobuthi kufanele kukhiyelwe kude futhi imililo nezitebhisi kufanele kuqashelwe.
Ukuphepha nokuthuthukiswa kwengane
Izingane ziyehluka ngezinga lokukhula kwazo kodwa ulwazi olungezansi luyisiqondiso sezigaba zokukhula:
| Ubudala | Intuthuko | Iseluleko |
|---|---|---|
| 0-6 izinyanga | Gqoka futhi ukhahlele, bamba, ncela, gingqa. | Ungasuki endaweni ephakeme. |
| 6mths-1 unyaka | Yima, hlala, khasa, faka izinto emlonyeni. | Gcina izinto ezincane kanye nezinto eziyingozi lapho ungafinyeleleki khona |
| Iminyaka engu-1-2 | Hambahamba, finyelela izinto phezulu, futhi uthole izinto ezifihliwe, hamba, futhi ugibele. | Ungalokothi uhambe wedwa, beka iziphuzo ezishisayo endaweni lapho ungafinyeleleki khona, sebenzisa i-fireguard kanye nezitebhisi |
| Iminyaka engu-2-3 | Yiba namasha, gibela phezulu, donsa futhi usonte izinto, bukela futhi ukopishe. Yiba yisibonelo esihle futhi uqaphe. | Beka umentshisi nezinto zokukhanyisa endaweni engabonakali futhi ungafinyeleleki. |
| Iminyaka engu-3-4 | Sebenzisa izinto zabantu abadala, yiba wusizo, uqonde iziqondiso, yiba nenhlanhla, hlola, hamba uye ngezansi uwedwa. | Qhubeka ube yisibonelo esihle, hlala uqaphile kodwa uqale ukuqeqeshwa kwezokuphepha. |
| Iminyaka engu-4-5 | Dlala imidlalo ethokozisayo, uzimele, ugibele ibhayisikili, ujabulele izindaba | Bangakwazi ngempela ukuhlela ukwenza izinto futhi bazenze. Imithetho ibaluleke kakhulu kubo, inqobo nje uma wonke umuntu egcina kwefanayo. Bayakujabulela ukufunda. Qhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha. |
| Iminyaka engu-5-8 | Uzobhekana nokucindezela kontanga futhi usazokhohlwa izinto. | Usadinga ukugadwa, isiqondiso nokusekelwa. |
Ukuvimbela izingozi ezinganeni
"Indawo ephephile, evikelekile futhi esimeme iyisidingo sesizwe esinempilo."
Kudingeka inhlanganisela yezinto:
Imvelo
Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlela nokuklama kuholela ezindlini eziphephile nasezindaweni zokungcebeleka. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo njengezicishamlilo namasango okuphepha kusiza ukwenza indawo yasekhaya iphephe.
Imfundo
Lokhu kuhilela ukwandisa ukuqwashisa ngengozi yezingozi ezilungiselelweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngezindlela zokunciphisa lezi zingozi.
Ukunika amandla
Ukubonisana kwendawo kanye nokuzibandakanya komphakathi kungakha umuzwa oqinile wokuzibophezela nobunikazi. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela izingozi, ezithonywe umphakathi, zivame ukubonisa isidingo sendawo futhi ngenxa yalokho zikhuthaza ukuzinikela okukhulu.
Ukuphoqelela
Kunomthetho ophathelene nokuphepha kwezingane. Le mithethonqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo esiyithengayo ihlangabezana nezinga elifanelekile lokuphepha nokuthi izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha zihlangabezana nezinga elamukelekayo lokuphepha.
Iseluleko esijwayelekile sokuphepha
- Izingane kufanele zigadwe ngaso sonke isikhathi
- Gcina phansi kungabi namathoyizi kanye nezithiyo ezingakhubeka
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa ihhanisi lokuphepha elifakwe ngokuvikelekile ku-pram, esihlalweni esiphushayo noma esitulweni esiphezulu
- Ungalokothi ushiye izingane zingagadiwe ezindaweni eziphakeme
- Ungabeki amabhansela ezingane ezindaweni eziphakeme - angawa lapho umntwana enyakaza
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezingane ezihamba ngezinyawo kanye nezihlalo eziphakeme ezibekwe etafuleni akukhuthazwa.
Izimpophoma
Cishe izingane eziyi-10 ziyafa ngenxa yokuwa unyaka ngamunye - ezinye ziphuma emafasiteleni nakovulandi kanti enye esele iphuma ezitebhisini.
Ukuwa yizona zimbangela ezivame kakhulu zezingozi ekhaya; babalelwa kumaphesenti angama-44 azo zonke izingozi zezingane.
Ukuwa okuningi kuhilela ukukhubeka ngezinga elifanayo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela emibi kakhulu iwumphumela wokuwa phakathi kwamaleveli amabili, njengokuwa ku-pram noma esihlalweni esiphezulu noma ukuwa embhedeni. Ukulimala okubi kakhulu kwenzeka lapho ingane iwa isuka endaweni ephakeme kakhulu noma iwela entweni eqinile, ebukhali noma eshisayo.
Izingozi eziningi zidalwa ukudlala kwamahhashi okuhlanganisa ukusunduzana, ukusunduza kanye nokubambana. Izingane nazo sezishonile noma zilinyazwe kabi yizinto ezinzima ezifana nefenisha nomabonakude abadudulwa noma badonswe phezu kwabo. Amasethi amadrowa, emehlweni engane, enza amafreyimu afaneleka okugibela kodwa, uma engavikelekile, adonseka kalula.
Izitebhisi namafasitela
Ukuvimbela
- Faka isango lokuphepha le-BS EN 1930: 2011 phezulu nangaphansi kwezitebhisi
- Ungalokothi ushiye izingozi ezikhubekayo ezitebhisini
- Izitebhisi kufanele zigcinwe ngokucophelela - ukhaphethi owonakele noma ogugile kufanele ulungiswe noma ususwe
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-balustrade aqinile futhi awanayo indawo yokukhuphuka
- Izitebhisi kufanele zihlale zikhanyiswe kahle
- Faka imikhawulo yefasitela engazweli ezinganeni kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ungaphuma kalula esimweni esiphuthumayo
- Ungafaki lutho ngaphansi kwefasitela elingagitshezwa
- Ifenisha nempahla yasekhishini ephakeme, esengozini yokudonswa, kufanele ivikelwe odongeni.
Imililo
Imililo yasekhaya idala enye yezingozi ezinkulu ezinganeni. Izingane ezidlala ngomentshisi nezilayishi zivame ukuthungela izindlu ngomlilo.
Ukuvimbela
- Gcina umentshisi nezinto zokukhanyisa endaweni lapho izingane zingabonwa futhi zifinyelele kuzo
- Njalo sebenzisa i-fireguard BS 8423: 2010 futhi uyivikele odongeni
- Cisha futhi ulahle ugwayi ngendlela efanele
- Hlela indlela yokuphunyuka, futhi uzilolonge, uma kuba nomlilo
- Faka i-alamu yentuthu ehambisana ne-BS EN 14604 2005 futhi uyihlole njalo
- Izigameko zokusha kanye nokushiswa kwesikhumba ezinganeni ezincane ziphezulu kakhulu kunezingane ezindala nakubantu abadala.
Ukukhwehlela nokusha
Izingane eziningi eziye engozini kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo zishile noma zishile zidluliselwa esibhedlela ukuze ziyothola ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. Ukululama kungase kube isikhathi eside futhi kube buhlungu futhi abaningi basala benezibazi ezingapheli.
Iziphuzo ezishisayo zibanga ukushisa okukhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu. Isikhumba somntwana sizwela kakhulu kunesomuntu omdala futhi isiphuzo esishisayo sisengashisa ingane ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 senziwe. Izingane ezincane nazo zisengozini yokushiswa yilanga.
Amanzi okugeza ashisayo anesibopho senani eliphakeme kakhulu lokulimala okubulalayo nokubi kakhulu phakathi kwezingane ezincane. Izingane ezingaba ngu-500, ikakhulukazi ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu, zingeniswa esibhedlela kanti ezinye ezingu-2000 ziya eminyangweni ye-A&E minyaka yonke ngenxa yokushisa kwamanzi okugeza.
Izingane zingasha futhi ngemva kokuthinta imililo evuliwe, umpheki, ama-ayina, ama-curling tongs nezinto zokuqondisa izinwele, ugwayi, umentshisi, izinto zokukhanyisa ugwayi nezinye izindawo eziningi ezishisayo.
Ukuvimbela
- Ungalokothi ubambe isiphuzo esishisayo kanye nengane ngesikhathi esifanayo
- Ungalokothi ushiye izingane ezincane zodwa endlini yokugezela
- Beka iziphuzo ezishisayo endaweni engafinyeleleki futhi kude namaphethelo amatafula nezindawo zokusebenza
- Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-flexible ehlanganisiwe noma igedlela elingenantambo
- Gcina izingane ezincane zingekho ekhishini noma nini lapho kungenzeka
- Qalisa isistimu yamanzi ashisayo asekhaya ku-46°C noma ufake i-valve yokuxuba i-thermostatic kompompi
- Lapho ugeza, vula amanzi abandayo kuqala futhi njalo uhlole izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngendololwane ngaphambi kokuba uvumele ingane ingene ebhavini noma eshaweni.
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa ama-hotplates angemuva bese ususa ama-panndle ngaphambi kwesipheki
- Gcina ama-ayina ashisayo, ama-curling tongs neziqondiso zezinwele zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngisho nalapho upholisa phansi.
Izingozi ezihlobene nengilazi
Ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwengilazi ekhaya kuye kwaholela ezingozini ezengeziwe ezihlobene nezingilazi. Minyaka yonke izingane ziyafa kulandela ingozi ngengilazi yezakhiwo. Izingane eziningi nazo ziyalimala lapho kuphuka izigaxa zengilazi namabhodlela.
Ukuvimbela
- Sebenzisa ingilazi yokuphepha ku-BS 6206 (elaminethiwe, eqinisiwe noma ingilazi ephumelela ukuhlolwa komthelela) kuwo wonke amafasitela neminyango eshintshwayo - ikakhulukazi ezingeni eliphansi. Ingilazi elayiniwe ilungele ukuphepha nokuvikeleka
- Yenza ingilazi ekhona iphephe kakhudlwana ngokusebenzisa ifilimu elimelana ne-shatter
- Lapho uthenga ifenisha ehlanganisa ingilazi, bheka imvume ku-BS EN 12521:2009 kanye ne-BS 14749-2005, BS EN 14072:2003, BS EN 12150-1:2000 kanye ne-BS EN 12600-2002
- Hlale usula ingilazi ephukile ngokushesha futhi uyilahle ngokuphepha
- Thenga i-greenhouse noma ifreyimu ebandayo enezici ezikhethekile ze-glazing zokuphepha noma uzihlukanise ngocingo.
Ubuthi
Izingozi eziningi ezinobuthi zibandakanya imithi, imikhiqizo yasendlini kanye nezimonyo. Amanye ama-ejenti anobuthi angabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula - funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-28,000 zithola ukwelashelwa ubuthi, noma izingozi okusolakala ukuthi zinoshevu minyaka yonke.
Lapha ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe ku izingozi ezinobuthi ezibandakanya imikhiqizo yasendlini.
Ukuvimbela
- Gcina imithi namakhemikhali endaweni engabonakali futhi izingane zingafinyeleleki, okungcono kakhulu ekhabetheni elikhiyiwe
- Uma kungenzeka, thenga imikhiqizo ezitsheni ezingazweli ezinganeni
- Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina amakhemikhali ezitsheni zawo zokuqala
- Lahla imithi namakhemikhali angafuneki ngokuphepha
- Gwema ukuthenga izitshalo ezinamahlamvu anobuthi noma amajikijolo noma lawo angacasula isikhumba.
Ukuminyanisa nokuklinywa
Izingane zingagwinya, zihogele noma ziminyanise izinto ezifana namathoyizi amancane, amakinati namamabula.
Amasaka anabukeni, asetshenziselwa ukulahla amanabukeni angcolile, angaba yingozi ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane. Siyazi okungenani ukufa kwabantu abayi-14 okubandakanya lezi zinto kusukela ngo-2001, lapho izingane ziye zaphefumula ngemva kokuba isaka elinabukeni livale umlomo nekhala, noma ziminyaniswe ngemva kokufaka isaka inabukeni emlonyeni.
Abazali kanye nabanakekeli ngokuvamile bayazi ngezingozi ezilethwa izikhwama zepulasitiki, kodwa bangase bangenzi ukuxhumana namasaka anabukeni kube yingozi efanayo. Amasaka noma izikhwama zamanabukeni avame ukuba nephunga elimnandi, enziwe ngezinto ezintekenteke kakhulu, futhi aziklabi ngendlela efanayo nezikhwama zepulasitiki okusho ukuthi zingabanjwa kalula futhi ziphefumulelwe izingane ezincane ngaphandle kokuqaphela kwabazali.
Izingane kanye nezingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuklinywa ngoba zihlola izinto ezizizungezile ngokuzifaka emlonyeni.
Ukuvimbela
- Khetha amathoyizi afanele iminyaka yengane
- Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezincane ezifana namamabula namakinati namathoyizi amancane agcinwa kude nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala.
- Khuthaza izingane ezindadlana ukuthi zigcine amathoyizi azo kude nabadlala nabo abancane
- Izintambo zokudonsa emakhethini namakhethini kufanele kugcinwe kufushane futhi kugcinwe kude
- Gcina izilwane, ikakhulukazi amakati, ngaphandle kwekamelo lokulala futhi usebenzise inethi ku-pram
- Gcina amasaka anabukeni lapho izingane nezingane ezincane zingakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo
- Ungalokothi ubeke amasaka amanabukeni phakathi noma eduze kombhede noma i-pram.
- Ukudla okuncane okufana namagilebhisi, utamatisi we-cherry, amajikijolo amnyama nezinye izithelo ezithambile kufanele kunqunywe zibe izingxenye ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuminyanisa.
- Umntwana kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi alale ngomhlane izinyawo zakhe ziphansi kombhede. Bafake ingubo esifubeni nangaphansi kwezingalo zabo futhi ugcine umbhede ungenabo obhampa, imicamelo namathoyizi athambile.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ineminyaka efanelekile yombhede, umbhede noma omunye umkhiqizo wokulala ofisa ukuwusebenzisa. Ama-airbed/izikhwama zokulala eziphathwayo zezingane ezi-2-in-1 (inhlanganisela), ezivame ukuphromothwa ngamaholide, azifanele izingane ngenxa yengozi yokuqunjelwa. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola amalebula bese ulandela imiyalelo yokuphepha.
Umthombo: https://www.rospa.com/
