Ukugonywa kwengane okuvamile kusiza ukuvikela ingane yakho ku-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ukukhwehlela (i-pertussis), uvendle, isifo se-pneumococcal, isifo se-meningococcal C, i-hepatitis B, i-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), i-rotavirus, i-chickenpox (varicella), isimungumungwane, i-mumps kanye i-rubella (isimungumungwane saseJalimane) kanye nomkhuhlane.
Bonana nodokotela wakho noma umtholampilo wendawo ukuze ingane yakho igonywe.
Ukugonywa kanye nezingane ezincane
Ukugonywa okuningi kwezingane kunikezwa ngomjovo engalweni noma emlenzeni, ngaphandle komgomo we-rotavirus, onikezwa ngomlomo. Umthamo wokugoma ungase uqukathe umuthi wokugomela isifo esithile esithile noma unikeze ukuzivikela ezifweni ezimbalwa, uma inani lemithi yokugoma lihlanganiswa emjovweni ofanayo. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni inani lemijovo edingwa ingane yakho.
Isheduli yokugoma yezingane nezingane ezincane (ingahluka ngokwamazwe ahlukene)
| Ubudala | Izifo | Umkhiqizo womgomo ® | Ukusabela okuvamile |
| Ukuzalwa | I-Hepatitis B | I-HB-VaxII Yezingane noma i-Enerix Pediatric | Izinga lokushisa elithambile, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo |
| Izinyanga ezimbili (kusukela emavikini ayisithupha) | I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis, i-hepatitis B, uvendle, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) | I-Infanrix hexa | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukozela, ukucasuka/ukukhala |
| I-pneumococcal | I-Prevenar 13 | Izinga lokushisa elithambile, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo | |
| I-Rotavirus | I-Rotarix | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi | |
| Izinyanga ezine | I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis, i-hepatitis B, uvendle, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) | I-Infanrix hexa | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukozela, ukucasuka/ukukhala |
| I-pneumococcal | I-Prevenar 13 | Izinga lokushisa elithambile, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo | |
| I-Rotavirus | I-Rotarix | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi | |
| Izinyanga eziyisithupha | I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis, i-hepatitis B, uvendle, i- Haemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) | Infanrix yena xa | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo, ukozela, ukucasuka/ukukhala |
| Izinyanga ezingu-12 | Isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, irubella (MMR) | I-MMR II/Priorix | Cishe ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-10 ngemva kokugonywa: imfiva (ingaba ngaphezu kuka-39°C), ukuqubuka okubomvu okufiphele okungatheleleki, ukozela, ikhala eligelezayo, ukukhwehlela noma ukukhukhumala kwamehlo, izindlala zamathe ezivuvukele.
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuba nenani eliphansi leplatelet elibangela ukopha kanye nemihuzuko |
| I-Meningococcal ACWY | I-Nimenrix | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ukuphelelwa ukudla, ukucasuka/ukukhala ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo | |
| I-pneumococcal | I-Prevenar 13 | Izinga lokushisa elithambile, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo | |
| Izinyanga ezingu-18 | Isimungumungwane, umvukuzane, irubella, varicella (chickenpox) (MMRV) | I-Priorix-Tetra noma i-ProQuad | Cishe ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyi-10 ngemva kokugonywa: imfiva (ingaba ngaphezu kuka-39 °C), ukuqubuka okubomvu okufiphele okungatheleleki, ukozela, ikhala eligelezayo, ukukhwehlela noma ukukhukhumala kwamehlo, ukuvuvuka kwezindlala zamathe. Cishe ezinsukwini ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-26 ngemva kokugoma: ukuqhuma okuncane njengenkukhu |
| I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis | I-Infanrix noma i-Tripacel | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ukucasuka/ukukhala, ukozela | |
| I-Hemophilus influenzae uhlobo b (Hib) | I-ActHib | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ukucasuka/ukukhala, ubuhlungu endaweni yomjovo | |
| Iminyaka emine | I-Diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis (ukukhwehlela), uvendle | I-Infanrix IPV | Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi, ukucasuka/ukukhala, ukozela |
| Izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala ukuya ngaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala (kusukela ngoMeyi 2018) | Umkhuhlane | Umgomo womkhuhlane | Umkhuhlane, ukuzizwa ungaphilile, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu bendawo yomjovo, ububomvu nokuvuvukala |
Uhlu lokuhlola ngaphambi kokugoma
Ngaphambi kokugoma, udinga ukutshela udokotela noma unesi uma ingane yakho:
- ayiphilile (izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-38.5 C)
- ube nokusabela okubi kakhulu kulandela noma yimuphi umgomo
- unokwaliwa kakhulu kunoma yimuphi omunye umuthi noma izinto
- ube nawo umuthi wokugoma enyangeni edlule
- uye wajova i-immunoglobulin noma wathola noma yimiphi imikhiqizo yegazi noma ukumpontshelwa lonke igazi phakathi nonyaka odlule
- kwakuyingane yangaphambi kwesikhathi eyazalwa engaphansi kwamasonto angama-32 ikhulelwe, noma inesisindo esingaphansi kuka-2,000 g lapho izalwa.
- esemncane, uye waba ne-intussusception (ukuvinjelwa okubangelwa ingxenye eyodwa yamathumbu eshelela engxenyeni elandelayo yamathumbu njengezicucu zesibonakude)
- unesifo esingamahlalakhona
- unokuphazamiseka kwegazi
- ayinawo ubende olusebenzayo
- uhlala nomuntu onesifo noma othola ukwelashwa okubangela ukuzivikela komzimba okuphansi - izibonelo zifaka i-leukemia, umdlavuza noma igciwane lesandulela ngculazi (i-HIV) noma i-adjusted immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), imishanguzo ye-oral steroid, i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy
- unesifo esehlisa ukuzivikela komzimba (njenge-leukemia, umdlavuza, i-HIV noma i-AIDS) noma uthola ukwelashwa okubangela ukuzivikela komzimba okuphansi (njengemithi yomlomo ye-steroid, i-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy)
Imiphumela engemihle ngemva kokugonywa
Ukugoma kuyasebenza futhi kuphephile, nakuba yonke imithi ingaba nemiphumela emibi engadingeki. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokusabela emuthini wokugoma. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, imiphumela engemihle yokugoma ayibi kakhulu njengezimpawu ingane ezingaba nazo uma ithola isifo.
Imiphumela engemihle ingase ihlanganise umkhuhlane omncane kanye nobuhlungu endaweni yomjovo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluthile mayelana nemiphumela engemihle yemithamo ehlukene yomgomo, buza udokotela wakho noma uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Ukulawula umkhuhlane ngemva kokugoma
Imiphumela engemihle evamile ngemva kokugoma ivamise ukuba mnene futhi ibe yesikhashana (kwenzeka usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemva kokugoma). Ukwelashwa okuqondile ngokuvamile akudingekile.
Kunenani lezindlela zokwelapha ezinganciphisa imiphumela emibi yomuthi wokugoma okuhlanganisa:
- ukunikeza uketshezi okwengeziwe ukuze uphuze futhi ungagqoki ngokweqile uma kunomkhuhlane
- nakuba ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-paracetamol ngemva kokugoma kunganconywa, uma ubuhlungu noma imfiva ikhona, i-paracetamol inganikezwa - hlola ilebula ukuze uthole umthamo ofanele noma khuluma nosokhemisi wakho (ikakhulukazi lapho unikeza izingane i-paracetamol).
Ukuphatha ukusabela kwendawo yomjovo
Imijovo eminingi yokugoma ingase ibangele ubuhlungu, ububomvu, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala noma umuzwa oshisayo endaweni yomjovo usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. I-Paracetamol kanye ne-compress epholile esizeni kungase kudingeke ukuze kudambise ukungakhululeki.
Imiphumela emibi engavamile yokugoma
Kukhona ingozi encane kakhulu yokungezwani komzimba (i-anaphylaxis) kunoma yimuphi umgomo. Kungakho welulekwa ukuthi uhlale emtholampilo noma uhlinzwe ngokwezempilo okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 kulandela ukugonywa uma kwenzeka kudingeka ukwelashwa okwengeziwe.
Uma ingane yakho yeqiwa ukugonywa
Ukuze uvikele ingane yakho ngokugcwele futhi ugweme izindleko ezingadingekile, kungcono kakhulu ukugoma ingane yakho eminyakeni enconywayo. Uma usalele emuva noma ugeje iseshini, ishejuli yokugoma ingaqhutshekwa ngokuphephile njengokungathi akubanga khona ukubambezeleka. Buza udokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wokugoma mayelana nemithamo yokubamba yomgomo.
Asikho isidingo sokuphinda imithamo esivele yamukelwe ngaphambi kokuthola imithamo yokubamba.
