Kungenzeka ukuthi noma kuphi lapho uhlala khona isimo sezulu singashintsha ngokushesha—ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasentwasahlobo nehlobo. Ukuduma kwezulu nombani kungenzeka ngesixwayiso esincane. Uma ingane yakho idlala noma izilolongela ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, udinga ukuqaphela izingozi ezingaba khona futhi ube nohlelo olusetshenziwe kusenesikhathi.
Amaqiniso Ayisisekelo Wombani Nezibalo
- Akudingekile ukuthi line ukuze kushaye umbani.
- Konke ukuduma kwezulu kuveza umbani. Uma ukwazi ukuzwa ukuduma, isiphepho siseduze ngokwanele ukuba umbani ushaye.
- Umbani ungadala ukufa noma ukukhubazeka unomphela. NgokweNational Weather Service (NWS), abantu abangaphezu kuka-400 e-United States bashaywa umbani unyaka ngamunye, okuholela ekufeni kwesilinganiso sabangu-49.
- I-NWS ibike ukuthi u-17% wokufa kombani phakathi kuka-2006 no-2013 kwenzeka ngesikhathi semidlalo yangaphandle noma imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa. Le midlalo ihlanganisa ibhola likanobhutshuzwayo, igalofu, ukugijima, i-baseball, nebhola likanobhutshuzwayo, ngokwezikhundla. Inani elikhulu labashonile lenzeka kwabaneminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-19 kanye namaqembu aneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-29. Izisulu eziningi kungenzeka zilibangise endaweni ephephile noma ziqhelelene nje nezokuphepha ngesikhathi sombani obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngaphambi kokuba usongo lube phezu kwakho kuyisihluthulelo!
Amathiphu Okuphepha Kombani Nezemidlalo avela ku-AAP
Nakuba umlayezo wethu wokuphumela ngaphandle, ukujabulela imvelo nokukhuthaza ukuvivinya umzimba usalokhu ungantengantengi, isitatimende senqubomgomo ye-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), i-Baseball neSoftball , seluleka bonke abaqeqeshi nezikhulu ukuba baqaphele izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu—kuhlanganise nombani—futhi bahlehlise noma ukhansele imidlalo uma izimo ziba zimbi futhi abadlali besengozini. Lo mlayezo ofanayo usebenza kuyo yonke imidlalo ehleliwe, nakuyo yonke imisebenzi yangaphandle yokuzijabulisa.
Sebenzisa futhi ulandele lezi zincomo ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kombani phakathi nemicimbi yezemidlalo nemisebenzi yangaphandle:
- Ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuzijwayeza noma umsebenzi, umuntu ophethe kufanele ahlole izibikezelo zezulu zendawo . Qaphela ukuthi i-NWS ikhiphe noma cha "iwashi" noma "isixwayiso." "Iwashi" lisho izimo ezivumayo ukuthi isimo sezulu esibi sithuthuke endaweni; "isixwayiso" sisho isimo sezulu esibi esibikiwe endaweni futhi wonke umuntu athathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele. Imisebenzi kufanele ibambezeleke uma izulu liza ngaphambi noma phakathi nokuzivocavoca noma umdlalo.
- Zibone izimpawu zesiphepho esizayo . Nakuba umbani ungashaya ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, lapho ukuduma kwezulu kusendleleni, amafu angase abe mnyama, kuphakame umoya, futhi kungase kube nokuduma kwezulu. Nakisisa lezi zimpawu kanye nanoma yiziphi izexwayiso ezikhishiwe.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho iyaziqonda izingozi zombani kanye nenqubomgomo umqeqeshi wayo okudingeka ayilandele . Uma umqeqeshi engayilandeli inqubomgomo, njengomzali, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ungene futhi ukhiphe ingane yakho ensimini. Ukuphepha kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!
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Zilungiselele futhi usungule imigomo yombani efakwe esikoleni sakho noma i-Emergency Action Plans (EAPs ) yeligi . Yakha futhi uzijwayeze izinqubo zokuvimbela isiteleka sombani kanye nokwelashwa njengengxenye ye-EAP yakho.
- Khetha "umqaphi wesimo sezulu" kanye nochungechunge olucacile lomyalo ukuze ugade futhi uphendule esimweni sezulu esibi.
- Esimeni sokuduma kwezulu okuzayo, labo abaphethe umcimbi/indawo kufanele bakhansele umcimbi, baxwayise ababambiqhaza nezibukeli ngengozi yombani, futhi bayalele ngokuqondile inqubo efanele yokuphuma.
- Isikhathi sokuphuma sincike ekutheni isiphepho sisondela ngokushesha kangakanani kanye nesakhiwo sendawo (isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze wonke umuntu afune indawo yokukhosela ephephile). Ngokuvamile, umbani ushaya phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ukusuka endaweni udinga ukuphuma.
- Landela umthetho wama-30/30 . Zijwayeze nesibalo se-flash-to-bang ukuze unqume ukuthi ungayifuna nini indawo yokukhosela. Qala ukubala lapho ubona ukukhanya kombani. Yeka ukubala lapho uzwa ukuduma. Ingane yakho kufanele ibe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokukhosela ephephile ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele isibalo esingu-30. Ukwehlukanisa le nombolo ngokuyisihlanu kuzonquma ibanga (ngamamayela) ukuya ekukhanyeni kombani. Uma umsebenzi ubambezelekile, linda okungenani imizuzu engu-30 ulandela umsindo wokugcina wokuduma noma ukubanika kombani ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho iqale futhi umsebenzi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokukhosela ephephile ikhethiwe . Izihlahla, izigxobo/izigxobo zokukhanya, amatende, ama-bleachers, izikebhe, izindawo zokugcina izinto, namagaraji avuliwe akuzona izindawo zokukhosela! Eqinisweni, zimbalwa kakhulu izindawo eziphephile ngaphandle lapho ukuduma kwezulu kusendaweni. Izindawo zokukhosela eziphephe kunazo zonke yizakhiwo ezinezindonga ezine eziqinile, nezintambo zikagesi nezocingo. Uma ingekho indawo yokukhosela ephephile, ingane yakho kufanele ikhose ngemoto yoqweqwe oluqinile; ungathinti ucingo lokudayela umsakazo noma izibambo zomnyango—ikakhulukazi uma ziyinsimbi.
- Gwema ngokukhethekile amanzi amile nezinkundla ezivulekile . Uma usendaweni evulekile, gwema ukuba yindawo ephakeme kakhulu, ukuthintana, noma eduze nendawo ephakeme kakhulu ensimini.
- Uma uzwa isikhumba sakho siluma, usengozini esheshayo . Thatha indawo ephephile yombani. Lokhu kusho ukuqoshama phansi isisindo sakho siphezu kwamabhola ezinyaweni zakho, izinyawo zakho ndawonye, ikhanda lakho lehliswe, nezindlebe zakho zivaliwe.
- Ngisho noma ungaphakathi endlini, gwema amafasitela avuliwe, osinki, izindlu zangasese, obhavu, amashawa, nezindlu zikagesi . Phakathi nesiphepho esiwumbani, imisinga kagesi ingagijima kulezi zinto futhi “igxumele” kumuntu—ngisho nangaphakathi kwendawo yokukhosela ephephile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane yakho akufanele nanini ivunyelwe ukubhukuda phakathi nesiphepho sombani.
- Hlola ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo sezulu nezisetshenziswa . Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza zesimo sezulu ezimbalwa zamahhala ezingahle zilandwe futhi zisetshenziselwe isikhathi esibukhoma, ulwazi oluqinisekisiwe.
- Uma othile eshaywa umbani, thola isisulu usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha futhi umhambise endaweni ephephile . Ngokuphambene nalokho okungenzeka ukuzwile, umbani ungashaya endaweni efanayo kabili. Abantu abashaywe wumbani abawuphathi ugesi futhi baphephile ukubamba.
- Khumbula ukuthi ukuduma kwezulu nombani akuzona kuphela izingozi zesimo sezulu . Ukushisa okudlulele kungase kucishe kube yingozi ngokudala ingozi ephezulu ngokungadingekile yokugula ukushisa, okufana nokushisa, ngakho ithimba lengane yakho lidinga ukusungula inqubomgomo yokukhansela noma ukulungisa imikhuba noma imidlalo uma inkomba yokushisa iphezulu kakhulu.
- Inothi elibalulekile: Omakhalekhukhwini kanye/noma i-imeyili ingadlulisela izaziso kubazali nemindeni, kodwa kufanele zengezelele kuphela ezinye izinqubo zokuphepha ezibalwe ngenhla.
Umthombo: https://www.healthychildren.org
