Njengomzali, okunye kokukhathazeka okuvamile okungenzeka ubhekane nakho yilapho ingane yakho ife umkhuhlane. Umkhuhlane uvame ukuba uphawu lokuthi umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa ungakhathaza futhi udide, ikakhulukazi kubazali abasha. Ukuqonda izimbangela zomkhuhlane, indlela yokuwulawula, nokuthi nini okufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha kungakusiza uzizwe uqiniseka kakhudlwana ekunakekeleni ingane yakho ngalesi sikhathi. Nakuba imikhuhlane eminingi ezinganeni ingatholi kangako futhi ilawuleka, kunezikhathi lapho kudingeka khona ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza ulwazi oluphelele oluzokusiza ukulawula umkhuhlane wengane yakho ngempumelelo futhi ugcine ingane yakho ikhululekile ngalesi sikhathi.
1. Uyini umkhuhlane ezinganeni?
Ukuqonda izinga lokushisa elivamile lomzimba
Izinga lokushisa elivamile lomzimba wengane ngokuvamile lisukela ku-97°F (36.1°C) kuya ku-100.4°F (38°C). Umkhuhlane uvame ukubhekwa lapho izinga lokushisa lengane yakho lingaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C). Kuyisifo kunokuba kube yisifo futhi ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuthi umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yigciwane, amagciwane, noma enye imbangela.
Uyini Umkhuhlane Ojwayelekile?
- Umkhuhlane omncane: 100.4°F - 102°F (38°C - 38.9°C). Lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka okukhulu futhi ngokuvamile kungelashwa ekhaya.
- Umkhuhlane ophakathi nendawo: 102°F - 104°F (38.9°C - 40°C). Nakuba kungakhululekile kakhudlwana, imikhuhlane emaphakathi ngokuvamile ingalawulwa ngezinyathelo zokunciphisa umkhuhlane.
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu: 104°F (40°C) nangaphezulu. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhubeka.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Sebenzisa njalo i-thermometer yedijithali ukuze ulinganise izinga lokushisa lengane yakho. Ama-thermometer e-Rectal anembile kakhulu ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, kanti ama-thermometer emlomo noma e-axillary (ngaphansi kwekhwapha) angasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezindala.
- Bheka umkhuhlane wengane yakho ukuze ubheke inqubekelaphambili yawo futhi usize ukunquma ukuthi kungase kudingeke nini ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.
2. Izimbangela Ezivame Kakhulu Zomkhuhlane Wengane
Ukutheleleka
Imbangela evame kakhulu yomkhuhlane ukutheleleka, okungaba yigciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta. Ezinye izifo ezivamile ezinganeni ezibanga umkhuhlane zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, izifo zezindlebe, nezifo zendlela yokuchama (UTIs). Imikhuhlane eminingi ihlotshaniswa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezivame ukuzixazulula ngaphandle kokungenela kwezokwelapha.
Amazinyo
Ukukhipha amazinyo kungenye imbangela evame kakhulu yomkhuhlane omncane. Nakuba ukukhipha amazinyo ngokuvamile kungabangi umkhuhlane omkhulu, kungabangela ukwanda okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, ikakhulukazi lapho izinyo liphuma emazinyweni. Ezinye izimpawu zokukhipha amazinyo zihlanganisa ukukhipha amathe, ukucasuka, namazinyo avuvukele.
Imiphumela Engemihle Yokugoma
Eminye imithi yokugoma ingabangela umkhuhlane wesikhashana njengomphumela ohlangothini. Imikhuhlane ehlobene nokugoma ngokuvamile ingatholi kangako futhi ixazululwa phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2.
Ezinye Izimbangela
- Ukushisa ngokweqile: Ukugqoka ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezishisayo kungabangela ingane ukuba ishise kakhulu futhi ithole umkhuhlane omncane.
- Ezinye izifo: Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima kakhulu zomkhuhlane zihlanganisa i-meningitis, i-pneumonia, noma ukutheleleka kwamagciwane. Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izimpawu ezengeziwe, njengokuqubuka, ukukhala okuqhubekayo, noma ukunganyakazi.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Bheka ukuthi umkhuhlane waqala nini, ukuqina kwawo, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ingane yakho ezizwa ngazo, njengokukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, noma ukuqubuka, ukuze usize ukunquma imbangela eyisisekelo.
- Xhumana nodokotela wezingane wakho uma umkhuhlane wengane yakho ungathuthuki ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha.
3. Indlela Yokwenza Ingane Yakho Ikhululeke Phakathi Nomkhuhlane
Ukuphuza amanzi kubalulekile
Umkhuhlane ungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho ijuluka noma ingadli noma ingaphuzi kangako. Kubalulekile ukugcina ingane yakho iphuza amanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kusize umzimba wayo ulwe nokutheleleka.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Qhubeka nokuncelisa noma ukuncelisa ngefomula, njengoba lokhu kusiza ukugcina amanzi futhi kunikeze ingane yakho izakhi zomzimba. Ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, nikeza amaconsi amancane amanzi noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte.
- Uma ingane yakho yenqaba ukudla, zama ukunikeza uketshezi oluncane kaningi.
Gqokisa Ingane Yakho Ngokukhululeka
Ukugqokisa ingane yakho ngokweqile kungabangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wayo lenyuke, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyigqokisa izingubo ezilula, eziphefumulayo. Ungakwazi futhi ukususa ezinye izendlalelo uma ingane yakho izwa ishisa kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gqokisa ingane yakho isendlalelo esisodwa sezingubo ezilula. Gwema ukuyigoqa, njengoba lokhu kungabangela umkhuhlane ube mubi nakakhulu.
- Gcina igumbi lisezingeni lokushisa elinethezekile (cishe ku-68°F-72°F noma 20°C-22°C) ukuze usize ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo.
Ibhafu Elingashisi Kakhulu
Ibhafu elingashisi kakhulu lingasiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wengane yakho. Ibhafu elifudumele lisebenza kangcono kunelibandayo, elingabangela ingane yakho ukuba igxenge, okungase kwenyuse izinga lokushisa lomzimba wayo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Geza ingane yakho ebhafini elingashisi kakhulu noma uyisule ngendwangu emanzi ukuze wehlise izinga lokushisa layo. Gwema ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo noma iqhwa, njengoba kungabangela ukungakhululeki futhi kubi kakhulu umkhuhlane.
- Sula ingane yakho ngobumnene ngemuva kokugeza bese uyigqokisa izingubo ezilula ukuze igcine ukunethezeka kwayo.
Ukunethezeka Nokuphumula
Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekululameni, ngakho zama ukuhlinzeka ngendawo ezolile nethule ukuze usize ingane yakho ilale. Lokhu kuzovumela umzimba wayo ukuba ugxile ekulweni nokutheleleka nasekuphulukiseni.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Nikeza ukugona okwengeziwe futhi uqinisekise ingane yakho ngezwi elizolile neliduduzayo.
- Nciphisa imisebenzi enomsindo noma ephazamisa, futhi ugcine indawo inokuthula ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukhuthaze ukulala nokuphumula.
4. Nini Ukusebenzisa Imithi Yokwelapha Umkhuhlane
Abanciphisi bomkhuhlane
Uma umkhuhlane wengane yakho uyenza ingakhululeki, izinciphisi zomkhuhlane ezingaphezu kwekhawunta njenge-acetaminophen (Tylenol) noma i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) zingasetshenziswa ukwehlisa umkhuhlane nokunikeza impumuzo. Hlala ubonana nodokotela wezingane wakho ngaphambi kokunikeza noma imuphi umuthi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3: Hlala ubonana nodokotela wezingane ngaphambi kokunikeza noma imuphi umuthi.
- Ezinganeni ezinye izinyanga ezi-3-6: I-Acetaminophen ngokuvamile iphephile kulesi sigaba seminyaka, kodwa landela imiyalelo efanele yokudosa ngokusekelwe esisindweni sengane yakho.
- Ezinganeni ezinye izinyanga ezi-6: I-Ibuprofen ingasetshenziswa futhi kulesi sigaba seminyaka. Sebenzisa njalo idivayisi yokulinganisa efanele ukuze unikeze umuthi.
Okufanele Ukugweme
- Ungalokothi unikeze ingane yakho i-aspirin ngenxa yengozi ye-Reye's syndrome, isimo esingavamile kodwa esibi esithinta isibindi nobuchopho.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa kakhulu izinciphisi zomkhuhlane. Nakuba imithi ingasiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki, kubalulekile ukungawufihli umkhuhlane ngokuphelele, njengoba umkhuhlane ubonisa ukuthi umzimba ulwa nokutheleleka.
5. Nini Ukufuna Usizo Lwezokwelapha
Izimpawu Okufanele Zikwenze Ufune Usizo Lwezokwelapha
Ezimweni eziningi, imikhuhlane ezinganeni ingalawulwa ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Nokho, ezinye izimpawu zingabonisa isimo esibi kakhulu esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala: Noma yimuphi umkhuhlane ongaphansi kuka-100.4°F (38°C) osanda kuzalwa ubhekwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kufanele uhlolwe udokotela ngokushesha.
-
Ezinganeni ezingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala: Funa usizo lwezokwelapha uma umkhuhlane uqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezi-3, uma umkhuhlane uphakeme kune-104°F (40°C), noma uma ingane yakho ibonisa ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo njenge:
- Ubuhlungu bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okusheshayo
- Ukudlikiza noma ukudlikiza
- Ukukhala okuqhubekayo noma ukucasuka
- Ukuqubuka noma amabala ansomi esikhumbeni
- Ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo
- Ukunganyakazi noma ubunzima bokuvuka
Okufanele Ukulindele Kudokotela
Uma ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha, udokotela wezingane cishe uzothatha izinga lokushisa lengane yakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba. Angase a-ode ukuhlolwa, njengokuhlola igazi noma isampula lomchamo, ukuze anqume imbangela eyisisekelo yomkhuhlane. Uma kuthelelwe igciwane, angase ancome ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengama-antibiotics noma umuthi wokulwa namagciwane.
6. Ukuvimbela Imikhuhlane Nezigameko Esikhathini Esizayo
Izindlela Eziyinhlanzeko Ezinhle
Enye yezindlela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka nemikhuhlane elandelayo ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle ekhaya.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Geza izandla zengane yakho njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla, ukudlala, nokuthinta ubuso bayo.
- Gcina amathoyizi, amabhodlela, namapacifier kuhlanzekile ngokuwageza njalo.
- Gwema ukuveza ingane yakho kubantu abagulayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesizini yomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane.
Imithi yokugoma
Imithi yokugoma ibalulekile ekuvikeleni izifo ezinzima ezingabangela umkhuhlane. Ukugcina imithi yokugoma yengane yakho isesikhathini esifanele kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuyivikela ezifweni.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Landela uhlelo lokugoma oluncanyelwa udokotela wezingane wakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho ivikelwe ezifweni ezingavinjwa, njengomkhuhlane, isifuba esibuhlungu, ne-pneumonia.
Isiphetho
Umkhuhlane ezinganeni uvamile, futhi nakuba ungakhathaza, ngokuvamile uyimpendulo evamile yokutheleleka. Ngokuqonda ukuthi umkhuhlane uyini, indlela yokuwulawula, nokuthi nini okufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha, ungakwazi ukunakekela ingane yakho ngesibindi futhi uyisize ilulame ngokushesha. Hlala uthemba umuzwa wakho njengomzali, futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wezingane wakho uma ungaqiniseki noma uma isimo sengane yakho sibi kakhulu.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
1. Ingabe ukukhipha amazinyo kungabangela umkhuhlane ezinganeni?
Ukukhipha amazinyo kungabangela ukwanda okuncane kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, kodwa ngokuvamile akubangi umkhuhlane omkhulu. Uma umkhuhlane wengane yakho ungaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C), kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ubangelwe ukutheleleka.
2. Ngingazi kanjani uma umkhuhlane wengane yami unzima?
Uma umkhuhlane wengane yakho uhambisana nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka, ukucasuka okukhulu, ukuhlanza, noma ukungafuni ukudla, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka okubi kakhulu, futhi kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
3. Nini okufanele ngifonele udokotela uma ingane yami ine umkhuhlane?
Fonela udokotela wezingane wakho uma ingane yakho ingaphansi kwezinyanga ezi-3 ubudala futhi ine umkhuhlane, noma uma umkhuhlane wengane yakho uqhubeka, uphakeme kakhulu, noma uhambisana nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo.
4. Ngingakwazi yini ukunikeza ingane yami umuthi wokwehlisa umkhuhlane wayo?
Yebo, ungasebenzisa imithi efana ne-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ukuze wehlise umkhuhlane, kodwa hlala ulandela imiyalelo yokudosa kadokotela wezingane wakho futhi ubonane nabo uma unokukhathazeka.
5. Ngingakwazi ukwenzani ukuze ngiduduze ingane yami phakathi nomkhuhlane?
Nikeza uketshezi olwengeziwe, gcina ingane yakho igqoke izingubo ezilula, unikeze ibhafu elingashisi kakhulu, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ithola ukuphumula okuningi. Gcina indawo yengane yakho izola futhi iduduze ukuze uyisize iphumule futhi ilulame.
