Njengoba abancane beqala ukuhlola umhlaba obazungezile, ilukuluku labo lemvelo nokuhamba okusanda kutholakala kungabenza babe sengozini yengozi. Nakuba kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukuzimela komncane wakho nokuhlola, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala. Abancane basengozini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungawazi kwabo ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nokuthambekela kwabo ekwenzeni izinto ngokushesha. Ngokudala indawo ephephile, ngokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, nangokufundisa umncane wakho imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha, unganciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bezingozi. Lo mhlahlandlela unikeza amathiphu abalulekile namasu okuvimbela izingozi nokulimala kubancane.
1. Ukwenza Ikhaya Lakho Libe Liphephile Ebantwaneni
Ukwakha Indawo Yokuhlala Ephephile
Ikhaya yindawo abancane abachitha isikhathi esiningi kuyo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwenza zonke izindawo zekhaya lakho ziphephe ebantwaneni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa izinto eziyingozi ezingaba khona nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho inendawo ephephile yokuhlola.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Vikela ifenisha nezinto zasendlini: Bophela ifenisha esindayo, amashalofu ezincwadi, kanye nama-TV odongeni ukuze uvimbele ukuthi angaweli. Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisindayo noma ezicijile azifinyeleleki.
- Sebenzisa amasango okuphepha: Faka amasango phezulu naphansi kwezitebhisi, futhi uwasebenzise ukuvala amagumbi angase abe nezinto eziyingozi, njengekhishi noma indlu yangasese.
- Vala izindawo zikagesi: Sebenzisa izivalo zezindawo zikagesi ukuze uvimbele umncane wakho ukuthi angafaki iminwe yakhe noma izinto kuzo.
- Khiya izinto eziyingozi: Gcina izinto zokuhlanza, imithi, nezinye izinto eziyingozi emakhabetheni avikelwe izingane noma emashalofini aphakeme.
- Sebenzisa abavikeli bamakhona namaphethelo: Beka abavikeli bamakhona abathambile emaphethelweni afenisha abukhali ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokulimala ngesikhathi sokudlala.
2. Ukuvimbela Ukuwa Nokukhubeka
Ukuwa Kuvamile Phakathi Kwabancane
Abancane basengozini enkulu yokuwa njengoba befunda ukuhamba nokuzulazula ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lokhu kuwa kungaholela emihuzukweni, ekusikeni, noma ekulimaleni okukhulu njengokuphuka kwamathambo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gcina izindawo zokuhamba zingenalutho: Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindlela zokuhamba azinazo izinto zokudlala, izintambo, noma ezinye izithiyo ezingenza umncane wakho akhubeke.
- Sebenzisa ama-rug angasheleli: Beka ama-rug angasheleli noma ama-mat ezindaweni lapho umncane wakho ehamba noma edlala khona, njengasendlini yangasese noma ekhishini, ukuze uvimbele ukushelela.
- Khetha izicathulo ezifanele: Qinisekisa ukuthi umncane wakho ugqoka izicathulo ezikhululekile futhi ezinikeza ukusekelwa okuhle kokuhamba.
- Gada ukudlala: Njalo gada umncane wakho lapho ekhuphuka, egijima, noma egxuma ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuwa.
3. Ukuvimbela Ukushisa Nokusha
Abancane Nezindawo Ezishisayo
Abancane banelukuluku lemvelo futhi bazohlala bethinta izindawo ezishisayo noma befuna izinto ezishisayo. Lokhu kungaholela ekushiseni okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ekhishini noma eduze kweziyinyama ezishisayo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Pheka ngokuphepha: Njalo pheka ezitofini zangemuva, bese uphendulela izibambo zebhodwe ngaphakathi ukuze umncane wakho angafinyeleli kuzo. Gcina ukudla okushisayo neziyinyama ezishisayo kude namaphethelo amatafula noma ama-countertops.
- Faka amasango okuphepha: Sebenzisa amasango ukuze ugcine umncane wakho ngaphandle kwekhishi lapho upheka noma eduze kweziko noma ezinye izinto zokushisa.
- Gcina izinto zikagesi zingafinyeleleki: Gcina ama-toaster, izinsimbi, nezinye izinto ezishisayo zingafinyeleleki kumqala wakho, futhi uwaqhekeze lapho engasebenzi.
- Setha izinga lokushisa lamanzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi isifudumezi sakho samanzi asethwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphephile (imvamisa i-120°F noma i-49°C) ukuze ugweme ukusha lapho umncane wakho egeza.
4. Izingozi Zokuklinywa
Ukuhlola Komncane Nezinhlobo Zokuklinywa
Abancane basengozini enkulu yokuklinywa, njengoba bevame ukufaka izinto emlonyeni wabo ngaphandle kokuqonda ubungozi. Amathoyizi amancane, ukudla, nezinto zasendlini zingadala izingozi ezinkulu zokuklinywa.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gada izikhathi zokudla: Njalo gada umncane wakho lapho edla, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlafuna ukudla ngokuphelele. Gwema ukudla okuyingozi yokuklinywa, njengamagilebhisi aphelele, iphophukhoni, amantongomane, noma izingcezu zenyama.
- Sika ukudla kube izingcezu ezincane: Sika ukudla kube izingcezu ezincane, ezingasetshenziswa kalula ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokuklinywa. Ngokwesibonelo, sika amagilebhisi, ama-hot dog, nama-apula abe izingcezu ezincane, ezingalingana emlonyeni.
- Hlola amathoyizi ukuze uthole izingxenye ezincane: Njalo hlola amathoyizi omqala wakho ukuze uthole izingxenye ezincane noma izingcezu ezixegayo ezingase zigwinywe.
- Gcina izinto ezincane zingafinyeleleki: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezifana nezinhlamvu zemali, izinkinobho, noma amabhethri amancane agcinwa ngaphandle kokufinyelela komqala wakho.
5. Ukuvimbela Ukuminza
Ukuphepha Kwamanzi
Ukuminza kungenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa okuhlobene nokulimala phakathi kwabancane. Njengoba abancane bevame ukukhangwa amanzi, ngisho namanzi amancane ezindaweni zokugeza, emabhakedeni, noma emachibini angaba yingozi.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ungalokothi ushiye umncane wakho engagadiwe emanzini: Njalo gada umncane wakho ngesikhathi sokugeza, ukubhukuda, noma lapho eseduze nanoma yiliphi ibhodi lamanzi, kuhlanganisa indlu yangasese, indawo yokugeza, noma ichibi.
- Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha zamachibi ezifanele: Faka ucingo olungamamitha amane oluzungeza amachibi okubhukuda, futhi njalo gcina indawo yechibi ikhiyiwe lapho ingasetshenziswa. Fundisa umncane wakho ukuphepha kwamanzi okuyisisekelo njengoba ekhula, kuhlanganisa nendlela yokuntanta nokubamba umoya.
- Khipha iziqukathi zamanzi: Ngemuva kokusebenzisa indawo yokugeza, ibhakede, noma noma yisiphi isiqukathi samanzi, ngokushesha khipha amanzi ukuze uvimbele ukuminza okungahlosiwe.
6. Ukuphepha Emgwaqeni
Ukuphepha Kwezimoto
Izingozi zezimoto ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokulimala phakathi kwabancane. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komncane wakho emotweni kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekuvimbeleni izingozi.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Sebenzisa isihlalo semoto esifanele: Njalo sebenzisa isihlalo semoto esifanele iminyaka, isisindo, nokuphakama kwengane yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi isihlalo semoto sifakwe ngendlela efanele nangokuphephile. Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi yokufaka nokubeka.
- Ungalokothi ushiye umncane wakho engagadiwe emotweni: Ungalokothi ushiye umncane wakho emotweni epakiwe, ngisho nangokwesikhashana esifushane, njengoba izinga lokushisa lingashesha libe yingozi, kuholele ekushiseni okukhulu.
- Fundisa imithetho yokuphepha emgwaqeni: Njengoba umncane wakho ekhula, qala ukumbuyisela ngobungozi emigwaqweni, njengokubheka zombili izindlela ngaphambi kokuwela nokubambana nabadala lapho ehamba eduze kwethrafikhi.
7. Ukuvimbela Ubuthi
Ukugwema Izingozi Zokufaka Ubuthi
Abancane banelukuluku lemvelo futhi bangase bagwinye izinto abazithola endlini, okungaholela ekufakeni ubuthi. Izingozi ezivamile zokufaka ubuthi zihlanganisa izinto zokuhlanza, imithi, nezimonyo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Gcina izinto eziyingozi ngokuphepha: Gcina izinto zokuhlanza, imithi, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ezinobuthi emakhabetheni avikelwe izingane noma emadilophu akhiyiwe.
- Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezivikelwe izingane: Qinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithi nezinto eziyingozi zigcinwe ezikhabetheni ezivikelwe izingane, futhi njalo buyisela izivalo ziqine.
- Yazi okufanele ukwenze uma kwenzeka ufaka ubuthi: Gcina inombolo yokulawula ubuthi (1-800-222-1222 e-U.S.) itholakale kalula, futhi wazi ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani uma umncane wakho egwinya okuthile okuyingozi.
8. Ukuvimbela Ukulimala Ngesikhathi Sokudlala
Indawo Yokudlala Ephephile
Nakuba isikhathi sokudlala sibalulekile ekukhuleni komncane, singaphinde sibeke izingozi ezihlukahlukene zokuphepha uma indawo ingalungisiwe kahle.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlola izinto zokudlala: Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto zokudlala, amapulazi, nezinto zemidlalo zisesimweni esihle futhi zifanele iminyaka. Njalo hlola amathoyizi ukuze uthole amaphethelo abukhali, izingcezu eziphukile, noma noma yini engaba yingozi.
- Gada ukudlala okusebenzayo: Noma ngabe umncane wakho ukhuphuka, egijima, noma edlala nabangane, njalo mgade ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi wenza izinto eziphephile.
- Sebenzisa izigqoko nezingubo zokuzivikela emisebenzini ethile: Uma umncane wakho egibela ibhayisikili elinama-tricycle noma ibhayisikili, qinisekisa ukuthi ugqoka isigqoko nezingubo zokuvikela emadolweni/emkhonyeni ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokulimala.
9. Ukufundisa Imithetho Yokuphepha Eyisisekelo
Ukusungula Imingcele Kusenesikhathi
Ukufundisa umncane wakho imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha kubalulekile ekumsizeni ukuba aqonde indawo yakhe futhi agweme izimo eziyingozi. Nakuba abancane besafunda, ukuphindaphinda nemingcele ecacile kungabasiza benze izinqumo eziphephile.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Fundisa “cha” futhi “yima”: Khuthaza umncane wakho ukuthi alalele imiyalo yokuphepha efana nokuthi “cha” nokuthi “yima” lapho esezobandakanyeka ekuziphatheni okuyingozi, njengokugijima eduze komgwaqo noma ukuthinta okuthile okushisayo.
- Zijwayeze ukuphepha emgwaqeni: Njengoba umncane wakho ekhula, mfundise ukubheka zombili izindlela ngaphambi kokuwela umgwaqo, ukuhamba nomuntu omdala, nokuqonda ubungozi bezimoto ezihambayo.
- Xoxa ngokuphepha nababheki: Qinisekisa ukuthi bonke ababheki, njengabaningi bezingane noma ogogo nomkhulu, banombono ofanayo mayelana nemithetho nemikhuba yokuphepha.
10. Thembela Ezinkanini Zakho Futhi Hlala Unolwazi
Hlala Uqaphile Futhi Ulungele
Naphezu kwemizamo yakho emihle kakhulu yokuvimbela izingozi, izinto zisengenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthembela ezinkanini zakho njengomzali futhi uhlale unolwazi mayelana nezincomo ezintsha zokuphepha.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlala uvuselelwe: Njalo buyekeza iziqondiso zokuphepha, njengalezo zezihlalo zezimoto, izingozi zokuklinywa, nokuvimbela umlilo, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unikeza indawo ephephe kakhulu.
- Yazi usizo lokuqala: Thatha ikilasi losizo lokuqala ne-CPR ukuze ulungele uma kwenzeka kuphuthuma. Ukwazi ukuthi ungaphendula kanjani ezimweni ezibucayi kungonga isikhathi esibalulekile ngesikhathi sengozi.
- Gcina izinombolo eziphuthumayo ziseduze: Yiba nezinombolo zikadokotela wakho wezingane, ukulawula ubuthi, nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni zifinyeleleka kalula.
Isiphetho
Njengoba umncane wakho ekhula futhi ehlola umhlaba ozungezile, ukuphepha kuba kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwenza ikhaya lakho libe liphephile ebantwaneni, ngokuvimbela izingozi ezivamile, nangokufundisa imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha, unganciphisa ubungozi bokulimala futhi ugcine ingane yakho iphephile. Njalo thembela ezinkanini zakho futhi uhlale uqaphile, ngenkathi unikeza indawo ekhuthaza ukuhlola nokufunda. Ukuvimbela izingozi nokulimala kubancane kudinga ukulungiselela, ukubekezela, nokugada njalo, kodwa ngendlela efanele, ungaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwengane yakho ngenkathi ukhuthaza ilukuluku layo nokukhula kwayo.
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile
1. Kufanele ngiqale nini ukufundisa umncane wami imithetho yokuphepha?
Akukaze kube sekuseni kakhulu ukuqala ukufundisa ukuphepha. Ngisho nabancane abaneminyaka engu-18 izinyanga bangakwazi ukuqala ukufunda imithetho elula efana nokuthi “cha” noma “yima” nokuqonda imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuphepha njengokuhamba nomuntu omdala.
2. Ngingamvimba kanjani umncane wami ukuba angafaki ifenisha?
Qinisekisa ukuthi ifenisha iboshwe odongeni futhi ugweme ukubeka izinto phezulu ezingase zikhuthaze ukukhuphuka. Sebenzisa amasango okuphepha noma ugcine umncane wakho kude nezindawo lapho ukukhuphuka kungenzeka khona. Shintsha ukunaka kwabo ezintweni eziphephile.
3. Yiziphi izingozi ezivamile zokuklinywa kwabancane?
Ukudla okufana namagilebhisi, amantongomane, iphophukhoni, namaswidi aqinile kuyingozi evamile yokuklinywa. Izinto ezincane, ezifana nezinhlamvu zemali, izinkinobho, nezingxenye zethoyizi, nazo zingadala ubungozi obukhulu.
4. Ngingamfundisa kanjani umncane wami ukuba ahlale kude nesitofu?
Chaza ubungozi bezindawo ezishisayo ngamagama alula, njengokuthi, “Isitofu siyashisa, futhi singakulimaza.” Sebenzisa amasango okuphepha ukuvala ukungena ekhishini, futhi njalo gada umncane wakho lapho upheka.
5. Ngingalenza kanjani ikhaya lami libe liphephile kumqala wami lapho ngivakashela abanye?
Lapho uvakashela amanye amakhaya, qapha umncane wakho futhi uqinisekise ukuthi noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona, ezifana nezinto ezicijile, izindawo zikagesi, noma amathoyizi angaphephile, ziyalungiswa. Phatha izinto zokuphepha, ezifana nezivalo zezindawo zikagesi noma abavikeli bamakhona, uma kudingeka.
