Usizo Lwezingane Ezingingiza
Ukungingiza kuwukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo okuthinta ukushelela nokugeleza kwenkulumo. Izingane ezingingiza zingaphinda noma zelule imisindo, amagama, noma amagama; noma babe nokuma noma izithiyo enkulumweni yabo. Ukungingiza kungenza kube nzima ngezingane ukuxhumana nabanye, futhi kungase kuthinte ukuzethemba kwazo namakhono azo okusebenzelana nabanye.
Ukungingiza kuvamile ezinganeni ezincane njengoba zifunda ukukhuluma. Cishe amaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 ezingane ayangingiza esikhathini esithile ekuphileni kwazo, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-2 no-6¹. Izingane eziningi zikhula zingingiza lapho zifinyelela iminyaka yesikole. Nokho, ezinye izingane zingase ziqhubeke nokungingiza zize zibe abantu abadala.
Izimbangela zokungingiza aziqondi ngokugcwele, kodwa zingase zibandakanye inhlanganisela yezinto ezifana nezakhi zofuzo, ukukhula kobuchopho, amakhono okukhuluma nawolimi, kanye nemithelela yemvelo¹². Ukungingiza akubangelwa izinkinga ezingokomzwelo noma ukukhulisa izingane kabi.
Alikho ikhambi lokungingiza, kodwa kunemithi yokwelapha engasiza izingane zithuthukise indlela ezikhuluma ngayo ngokushelelayo nokuzethemba. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngendlela yokubona izimpawu zokungingiza ezinganeni, ukuthi ungazisiza kanjani ekhaya nasesikoleni, nokuthi zingalufuna nini usizo lochwepheshe.
Indlela yokubona izimpawu zokungingiza ezinganeni?
Ukungingiza kungahluka ngobukhulu nangemvamisa kuye ngeminyaka yengane, isimo sengqondo, isimo, nabalaleli. Ezinye izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokungingiza ezinganeni yilezi¹²:
- Imisindo ephindaphindayo (isib, i-bbb-ball), amalunga (isib., ba-ba-baby), noma amagama (isib., III).
- Ukwandisa imisindo (isb, sssssnake)
- Ukuba nekhefu noma izithiyo enkulumweni (isb., ngifuna --- ikhukhi)
- Ukwengeza amagama engeziwe noma imisindo (isb, um, uh, njengokuthi)
- Ukunyakaza kobuso noma umzimba (isb, ukucwayiza, ukuvevezela kwezindebe, ukunqekuzisa ikhanda)
- Ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuzabalaza noma ukukhungatheka (isb., ukuquleka, ukuqina, ukugwema ukuthintana emehlweni)
- Ukugwema amagama athile noma izimo (isb, ukushintsha isihloko, ukwenqaba ukukhuluma)
Akuzona zonke izingane ezibonisa lezi zimpawu ezinenkinga yokungingiza. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nokushintshashintsha okuvamile okuyingxenye yokukhula kwazo kwenkulumo. Ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kuvame ukwenzeka kancane futhi kungabonakali kakhulu kunokungingiza. Futhi aziyibangeli ingane ukucindezeleka noma ubunzima.
Ezinye izibonelo ze-disfluency evamile yilezi:
- Ukuphinda amagama aphelele noma imishwana (isb, ngifuna-ngifuna ikhukhi)
- Ukungabaza noma ukusebenzisa izigcwalisi (isb, um, kahle, uyazi)
- Buyekeza imisho (isib., ngiyayithanda le-cha leya)
Ungasiza kanjani izingane ezingingiza ekhaya?
Abazali nabanakekeli badlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni izingane zabo ezingingizayo. Nawa amathiphu okuthi ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho ekhaya¹²³:
- Lalela ngokucophelela nangesineke enganeni yakho. Bonisa isithakazelo kulokho abakushoyo, hhayi ukuthi bakusho kanjani. Gcina ukuthintana kwamehlo futhi usebenzise ulimi lomzimba olwakhayo.
- Khuluma kancane futhi ngomoya ophansi nengane yakho. Sebenzisa imisho elula necacile. Gwema ukuphazamisa, ukulungisa, noma ukuqedela imisho yengane yakho.
- Imodeli yenkulumo eqephuzayo yengane yakho. Phinda abakushoyo ngendlela ebushelelezi futhi ekhululekile. Isibonelo, uma ingane yakho ithi "III ifuna ijusi", ungase uthi "Ufuna ijusi".
- Dumisa ingane yakho ngemizamo yayo kanye nezimpumelelo zayo. Gxila emandleni nasemakhonweni abo, hhayi ebuthakathakeni noma emaphutheni abo. Isibonelo, ungathi "Wenze umsebenzi omuhle ungitshela ngosuku lwakho".
- Yehlisa ingcindezi nengcindezi enganeni yakho. Dala indawo ezolile nesekelayo ekhaya. Gwema ukujaha noma ukusheshisa ingane yakho lapho ikhuluma. Zinike isikhathi esanele sokuziveza.
- Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ibambe iqhaza emisebenzini eyijabulelayo futhi ephumelela kakhulu kuyo. Lokhu kungakhuphula ukuzethemba nokuzethemba kwabo. Basize bathole izinto abazithandayo nezithandayo ezingancikile ekukhulumeni kahle.
- Funda izincwadi nezindaba nengane yakho. Ukufunda ngokuphimisela kungasiza ingane yakho iziqeqeshe amakhono ayo okukhuluma futhi ifunde amagama amasha. Ungasebenzisa futhi izincwadi ezihlanganisa abalingisi abangingizayo noma abanezinye izinselele ukuze ufundise ingane yakho ngokwamukela nokukhuthazela.
Ungazisiza kanjani izingane ezingingiza esikoleni?
Isikole singaba indawo enenselele necindezelayo ezinganeni ezingingizayo. Bangase babhekane nezinkinga zemfundo, ukuhlukaniswa nabanye abantu, noma ukuxhashazwa. Othisha nabafunda nabo bangasiza ekwakheni indawo yokufunda eyakhayo nefaka wonke umuntu wezingane ezingingizayo. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokusiza ingane yakho esikoleni¹²³:
- Xhumana nothisha wengane yakho. Yabelana ngolwazi mayelana nokungingiza kwengane yakho, njengokuthi yini eyibangelayo, ukuthi iyithinta kanjani, nokuthi imaphi amasu ayisebenzelayo. Cela uthisha ukuthi aqaphe intuthuko nenhlalakahle yengane yakho esikoleni.
- Fundisa izingane ofunda nazo ingane yakho. Ngemvume yengane yakho, wena noma uthisha ningachazela abanye abafundi ukuthi kuyini ukungingiza nokuthi bangasekela kanjani ontanga yabo abangingizayo. Ungasebenzisa izincwadi, amavidiyo, noma imisebenzi ukuqwashisa nozwela.
- Gwema izidingo zengane yakho. Uma ingane yakho idinga indawo yokuhlala noma izinguquko esikoleni, njengesikhathi esengeziwe sezethulo ezixoxwayo, ezinye izindlela zokuhlola, noma izinsizakalo zokwelashwa kwenkulumo, zicele kubaphathi besikole.
- Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuthi ijoyine amakilabhu noma amaqembu. Imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole ingasiza ingane yakho yenze abangani, ijabule, futhi ithuthukise amakhono amasha. Funa amathuba afana nezithakazelo neziphiwo zengane yakho.
- Fundisa ingane yakho indlela yokubhekana nokugconwa noma ukuxhashazwa. Siza ingane yakho ithuthukise izimpendulo ezigomelayo nezinenhlonipho kumazwana noma izenzo ezimbi. Isibonelo, bangathi "Ngiyangingiza futhi kulungile" noma "Ngicela ungangihleki". Khumbuza ingane yakho ukuthi ibike noma yiziphi izigameko kumuntu omdala omethembayo.
Ungalufuna nini usizo lochwepheshe lwezingane ezingingizayo?
Ukungingiza ngokuvamile kuyisigaba esivamile nesesikhashana sokukhula kwezingane ezincane esingadingi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Nokho, ezinye izingane zingase zidinge usizo lochwepheshe ukuze zithuthukise ukukhuluma kwazo ngokushelelayo nokuzethemba.
Ungase ufune ukubonana nodokotela ohlola izifo zolimi lokukhuluma (SLP) uma ingane yakho¹²:
- Ukungingiza isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6
- Ukungingiza ngezinye izinkinga zokukhuluma noma zolimi
- Bangingiza kaningi noma kanzima njengoba bekhula
- Amalimi anezimpawu zomzimba zomzabalazo noma ukushuba
- Amalimi anezimpawu ezingokomzwelo zokukhathazeka noma ukukhungatheka
- Amalimi anezimpawu zomphakathi zokugwema noma ukuzihlukanisa
- Unomlando womndeni wokungingiza noma izinkinga zokuxhumana ezihlobene
I-SLP inguchwepheshe wezempilo ogxile ekuhloleni nasekwelapheni inkulumo, ulimi, nokuphazamiseka kokugwinya. I-SLP ingahlola ukungingiza kwengane yakho futhi inqume ukuthi idinga ukwelashwa yini.
Ukwelashwa kokungingiza kungase kuhlanganise:
- Ukwelapha ngenkulumo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana ne-SLP ukuze ufunde amasu namasu okuthuthukisa ukukhuluma kahle nokunciphisa ukungingiza. Isibonelo, i-SLP ingase ifundise ingane yakho ukuthi inganciphisa kanjani inkulumo yayo, isebenzise izivivinyo zokuphefumula, noma ukushintsha amaphethini ayo okukhuluma.
- Ukwelashwa kokuxhumana komzali nengane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza ne-SLP kanye nabazali noma abanakekeli ukuze bafunde ukuthi bangaxhumana kanjani ngempumelelo nengane engingizayo. Isibonelo, i-SLP ingase ifundise abazali noma abanakekeli indlela yokubonisa inkulumo eqephuzayo, inikeze impendulo eyakhayo, futhi yakhe indawo esekela ingane.
- Imishini kagesi. Lawa amathuluzi ashintsha umsindo wezwi lengane ngandlela-thile, njengokulibambezela noma ukushintsha iphimbo lalo. Lokhu kungasiza ingane ikhulume ngokushelelayo ngokunciphisa ukuqaphela kwayo ukungingiza noma ukuthuthukisa impendulo yayo yokuzwa.
- Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT). Lolu wuhlobo lwe-psychotherapy olusiza ingane ukuthi ibhekane nemicabango nemizwa yayo mayelana nokungingiza. Isibonelo, umelaphi angasiza ingane ukuthi ibone futhi inselele izinkolelo ezingezinhle, ithuthukise amakhono okubhekana nesimo, futhi ikhulise ukuzethemba kwayo.
Isiphetho
Ukungingiza kuyisifo esivamile sokukhuluma esithinta izingane eziningi njengoba zifunda ukukhuluma. Kungabangela ubunzima ekukhulumeni, kanye nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezenhlalo. Nokho, zikhona izindlela zokusiza izingane ezingingizayo ekhaya nasesikoleni, njengokulalela ngesineke, ukukhuluma kancane, ukudumisa imizamo yazo, ukufundisa abanye, nokumelela izidingo zazo.
Izingane eziningi zizoyeka ukungingiza zizodwa, kodwa ezinye zingase zidinge usizo lochwepheshe oluvela kudokotela wezifo zokukhuluma. Ukwelashwa kokungingiza kungase kuhlanganise ukwelapha ngenkulumo, ukwelapha ngokusebenzisana komzali nengane, izinto zikagesi, noma ukwelapha ngokuziphatha kwengqondo.
Uma ukhathazekile ngokungingiza kwengane yakho, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho noma udokotela ohlola izifo zolimi ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Umthombo:
(1) Ukungingiza - Izimpawu nezimbangela - IMayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stuttering/symptoms-causes/syc-20353572 .
(2) Kuyini Ukungingiza? Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa | I-NIDCD. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/stuttering .
(3) Ukungingiza ezinganeni: Abazali bangasiza kanjani - I-Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/stuttering-in-children-how-parents-can-help-202110182619 .
