Njengoba isikhathi sokubuyela esikoleni sisondela, esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile abazali abangazithatha ukuze baqinisekise impilo nokuphepha kwengane yabo ukuyigomela ngendlela efanele. Ukugomela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni izingane ezifweni ezingagwemeka nasekuvimbeleni ukuqubuka kwezifo ezikoleni. Izikole eziningi zidinga ukuthi izingane zigonywe ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukuya esikoleni, futhi ukulandelela amashejuli okugomela kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe impilo yomphakathi. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngesishweshwe mayelana nokugomela kwezingane, ukuthi kungani kubalulekile, nokuthi yini okufanele abazali bayazi ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingane yabo ilungele isikole.
1. Ukubaluleka Kokugomela Kwezingane
Ukuvikela Ingane Yakho Nabanye
Ukugomela kwenzelwe ukuvikela izingane ezifweni ezinzima ezifana nezindlaveza, isifo sohlangothi, umkhuhlane, nesifuba esibuhlungu. Lezi zifo, ezake zaba zivamile, ziye zancipha kakhulu ngenxa yemizamo yokugomela ebanzi. Imigomo ayigcini nje ngokuvikela ingane eyitholayo kodwa futhi isiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo kwabanye, ikakhulukazi labo abasengozini, njengezingane ezincane, abantu asebekhulile, noma labo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthaka.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlala unolwazi: Qinisekisa ukuthi uyazi ngeshejuli yokugomela enconyiwe yeqembu leminyaka yengane yakho.
- Qonda ukuzivikela kwabantu abaningi: Lapho izingane eziningi zigonywe, kunciphisa ukusabalala okuphelele kwezifo, kuvikele labo abangenakugonywa, njengezingane ezincane noma izingane ezinezifo ezithile.
2. Izidingo Zokugomela Zesikole
Izinkombandlela Zokugomela Zesikole
Izikole eziningi zinezidingo ezithile zokugomela izingane ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukuya esikoleni. Lezi zidingo ziyahlukahluka ngesifundazwe nezwe, kodwa zivame ukufaka imigomo yezifo ezifana nezindlaveza, umkhuhlane, i-rubella (MMR), i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, isifuba esibuhlungu (DTaP), nesifo sohlangothi, phakathi kwezinye.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlola izidingo zesikole: Cwaninga izidingo zokugomela zesikole sengane yakho futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nemibandela. Lokhu kungatholakala kalula kuwebhusayithi yesifunda sesikole sakho noma ngokuxhumana nomhlengikazi wesikole.
- Bonisana nodokotela wakho wezingane: Uma unokukhathazeka ngemigomo, noma uma ingane yakho isalele emuva ekugomeleni, hlela ukuvakasha kudokotela wakho wezingane ukuze nixoxe ngemijovo edingekayo.
3. Ukugomela Okunconyiwe Kwezingane Ngaphambi Kokuya Esikoleni
Imigomo Ebalulekile Yezingane Zesikole
Imigomo eminingana ibalulekile ezinganeni ezifika esikoleni. Le migomo ivikela ezifweni ezingasabalala ngokushesha ezikoleni nasezindaweni zokunakekela izingane. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ichaza le migomo elandelayo njengebalulekile ezinganeni zesikole:
- MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella): Kunconyelwa imijovo emibili ye-MMR, ngokuvamile enikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-12-15 bese futhi eminyakeni engu-4-6.
- DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis): Lo mgomo unikezwa ngemijovo emihlanu, kanti umjovo wokugcina unikezwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6.
- Polio (IPV): Umgomo wesifo sohlangothi unikezwa ngemijovo emine, kanti umjovo wokugcina ngokuvamile unikezwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-4-6.
- Hepatitis B: Umgomo we-hepatitis B unikezwa ngemijovo emithathu, ngokuvamile uqala ekuzalweni futhi uqhubeka unyaka wonke wokuqala.
- Varicella (Chickenpox): Kunconyelwa imijovo emibili yomgomo we-varicella, kanti umjovo wokuqala unikezwa ezinyangeni ezingu-12-15 bese owesibili eminyakeni engu-4-6.
- Influenza (Flu): Kunconyelwa umgomo womkhuhlane waminyaka yonke ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-6 izinyanga nangaphezulu.
- Hepatitis A: Lo mgomo unconyelwa izingane ezineminyaka engu-1-2 futhi unikezwa ngemijovo emibili.
- Meningococcal (MenACWY): Lo mgomo unconyelwa eminyakeni engu-11-12 kanti umjovo wokuqinisa unikezwa eminyakeni engu-16.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlala usesikhathini ngemigomo: Landela ishejuli yokugomela enconyiwe yi-CDC yezingane zesikole, uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imigomo edingekayo ngesikhathi.
- Cela irekhodi lokugomela: Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ingane yakho ithole imigomo enjani, cela ikhophi yamanqumo abo okugomela kudokotela wakho wezingane noma kumhlinzeki wangaphambili wezempilo.
4. Ungalungiselela Kanjani Ukugomela Ngaphambi Kokuya Esikoleni
Ukuhlela Kusengaphambili
Ukulungiselela ukugomela ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka wesikole kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho usesikhathini futhi isilungele ukuya esikoleni. Imigomo ingase idinge ukuhlelwa kusengaphambili, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho isalele emuva ekugomeleni kwayo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Hlela i-aphoyintimenti kusenesikhathi: Shayela udokotela wakho wezingane noma umtholampilo wasendaweni ukuze uhlele i-aphoyintimenti yokugomela ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka wesikole. Eminye imigomo idinga imijovo eminingi noma ingathatha isikhathi ukuze isebenze, ngakho-ke hlela kusengaphambili.
- Cabanga ngokusikwa: Hlela ukuvakasha okujwayelekile kwengane yakho ukuze uhlole impilo yayo iyonke, nixoxe nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka, futhi niqinisekise ukuthi imigomo isesikhathini.
5. Ukubhekana Nokukhathazeka Ngemigomo
Ukukhathazeka Okujwayelekile Kwabazali
Abanye abazali bangase babe nokukhathazeka ngokusikwa noma imiphumela emibi yemigomo. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngolwazi olusekelwe eqinisweni.
Izinsumansumane Ezivamile Mayelana Nemigomo:
- Imigomo ibangela i-autism: Lokhu kufundiswa sekuchithwe ngokuphelele yizifundo zesayensi, futhi akukho ubufakazi bokukusekela.
- Imigomo iqukethe izithako eziyingozi: Imigomo iqukethe inani elincane lezithako ezifana nezinto zokugcina, kodwa lokhu kusetshenziswa ngendlela ephephe kakhulu, futhi ucwaningo olunzulu lubonise ukuthi imigomo iphephile.
- Ukuzivikela kwemvelo kungcono kunokuzivikela okutholakala ngomgomo: Ngenkathi ukuzivikela kwemvelo kungase kubonakale kunenzuzo, ukuthola izifo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima, futhi imigomo inikeza indlela ephephile yokuthola ukuzivikela.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Bonisana nodokotela wakho wezingane: Uma unokukhathazeka ngemigomo, khuluma nodokotela wakho wezingane. Bangakunikeza ulwazi mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza kwemigomo futhi babhekane nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okukhethekile.
- Buyekeza izinzuzo: Imigomo ivikela ingane yakho ezifweni ezinzima, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingaba yingozi empilweni. Izinzuzo zinkulu kakhulu kunanoma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona ezihambisana nokugomela.
6. Yini Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ingane Yakho Isalele Emuva Kwemigomo
Ukuze Uqhubekele Ngemigomo
Uma ingane yakho isalele emuva ekugomeleni kwayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqhubeke ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukubambezeleka ekugomeleni kungabeka ingane yakho nabanye engcupheni yezifo ezingagwemeka.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Bonisana nodokotela wakho wezingane: Uma ingane yakho iphuthelwe imigomo ethile noma ingazange ilandele ishejuli yokugomela enconyiwe, hlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze ibuyiswe usesikhathini.
- Ishejuli yokugomela yokuqhubekela phambili: Odokotela bezingane banganikeza ishejuli yokugomela yokuqhubekela phambili ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imigomo efanele ngaphandle kokulibaziseka.
7. Indima Yabazali Ekuphakamiseni Ukugomela
Ukukhuthaza Ukuqwashisa Ngomgomo
Abazali badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izingane zabo zivikelekile ngemigomo. Ngokuhlala benolwazi ngamashejuli nezidingo zokugomela, abazali bangathatha izinyathelo zokuqala ukuvikela impilo yengane yabo nokuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezingagwemeka.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Yiba isibonelo esihle: Khuluma obala ngokubaluleka kwemigomo nengane yakho, futhi unikeze isiqiniseko uma ingane yakho yesaba ukugonywa.
- Khuthaza ukugomela: Khuthaza abanye abazali nabanakekeli emphakathini wakho ukuba bagcine izingane zabo zisesikhathini ngemigomo. Imizamo yokugomela yomphakathi isiza ukuvikela abantu abasengozini ngokuzivikela kwabantu abaningi.
- Hlala unolwazi: Izincomo zokugomela zingashintsha, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi uhlala unolwazi nganoma yiziphi izibuyekezo zeshejuli yokugomela ngokubonisana nodokotela wakho wezingane noma imithombo yezempilo ethembekile.
8. Nini Okufanele Ufune Iseluleko Sezokwelapha Mayelana Nokugomela
Izimpawu Zokubonisana Nodokotela Wakho Wezingane
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi yemigomo ivame ukuba yincane futhi yesikhashana, kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ukusabela okubi kungenzeka. Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukusabela okungajwayelekile ngemuva kokugomela, kubalulekile ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.
Okufanele Ukwenze
- Ukusabela okuncane okujwayelekile: Imiphumela emibi encane njengomkhuhlane, ububomvu noma ukuvuvukala endaweni yokugonywa, noma ukuhlukumeza kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile kuphela ngosuku oluthile.
- Ukusabela okubi: Uma ingane yakho ihlangabezana nokusabela okunamandla okungahambisani (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala kobuso noma umphimbo, umkhuhlane omkhulu), funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- Bonisana nodokotela wakho wezingane: Uma unokukhathazeka nganoma yikuphi ukugomela kwengane yakho noma ukusabela kwayo emigomweni, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Isiphetho
Ukugomela kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela ingane yakho ezifweni ezingagwemeka nokuyiqinisekisa ukuthi ilungele isikole. Ukulandelela amashejuli okugomela, ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokugomela, nokubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ivikelwe ngokuphelele. Ngokuhlala unolwazi, ukhuthele, futhi uzinikele empilweni yengane yakho, ungasiza ekudaleni indawo enempilo engane yakho nabangane bayo esikoleni.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
1. Ingabe ingane yami idinga migomo emingaki ngaphambi kokuqala isikole?
Ingane yakho izodinga imigomo yezifo ezifana nezindlaveza, umkhuhlane, i-rubella (MMR), isifo sohlangothi, i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-pertussis (DTaP), ne-varicella (chickenpox). Imigomo eyengeziwe, njengomjovo womkhuhlane nomgomo we-meningococcal, ingase idingeke.
2. Ingabe imigomo iphephile engane yami?
Yebo, imigomo iphephe kakhulu. Ihlolelwa ngokucophelela ukuze iqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba inconywe. Iningi lemiphumela emibi lincane, njengengalo ebuhlungu noma umkhuhlane omncane, futhi liphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
3. Ngazi kanjani uma ingane yami igomele ngokuphelele?
Ungahlola isimo sokugomela kwengane yakho ngokubuyekeza amarekhodi ayo okugomela noma ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho wezingane. Izikole ngokuvamile zidinga ikhophi yala marekhodi ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho ikwazi ukuya esikoleni.
4. Ingabe ingane yami ingaya esikoleni uma isalele emuva ekugomeleni?
Kuya ngezinqubomgomo zesikole sakho. Ezinye izikole zingase zivume isikhathi sokukhululeka, kanti ezinye zingase zidinge ukugomela ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho ikwazi ukuya esikoleni. Xhumana nesikole sengane yakho ukuze uqinisekise inqubomgomo yaso.
5. Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngiputhelwe i-aphoyintimenti yokugomela?
Uma uphuthelwe i-aphoyintimenti yokugomela, hlela i-aphoyintimenti yokubamba ngokushesha okukhulu nodokotela wakho wezingane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho ithola imigomo edingekayo. Udokotela wakho wezingane angakusiza ukulandela ishejuli yokugomela yokuqhubekela phambili.
