Ngu: ChildrenLearningReading.com
Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokufundisa izingane ukufunda? Ngokwe-National Reading Panel, "ukufundisa izingane ukusebenzisa ifonimu ngamagama kwaphumelela kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokufundisa ezinabafundi abahlukahlukene emazingeni ahlukene ebanga neminyaka yobudala kanye nokuthi ukufundisa izingane ukuqwashisa ngemisindo kuthuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufunda kwazo ngaphezu kokufunda amagama ahlukene. iziqondiso ezingenakho ukunaka ekuqwashiseni ngefonemic. " [1] Lesi yisitatimende esenziwe yi-National Reading Panel (NRP) embikweni wabo onesihloko esithi "UKUFUNDISA IZINGANE UKUFUNDA: Ukuhlola Okusekelwe Ebufakazini Bencwadi Yocwaningo Lwesayensi Yokufunda kanye Nemithelela Yako Ekufundiseni Ukufunda."
Umyalelo Wokuqwashisa Ngemisindo wakhethwa ukuba ubuyekezwe yi-NRP embikweni wabo ngoba ucwaningo luhlonze ukuqwashisa ngemisindo kanye nolwazi lwezinhlamvu njengezibikezelo ezimbili ezingcono kakhulu zokuthi izingane zizofunda kahle kangakanani ukufunda eminyakeni yazo yokuqala emi-2 yokungena esikoleni. Kunobufakazi obuqinile beSayensi obuphakamisa ukuthi imiyalelo yokuqwashisa ngemisindimu iyingxenye ebalulekile ekusizeni izingane zithuthukise amakhono okufunda.
Olunye ucwaningo lwaxoxa ngokuba khona kokuqwashisa ngemisindo kubantwana base-Austrian abaneminyaka engu-6 kuya kwengu-7 ababengakwazi ukufunda lapho bengena esikoleni. Lolu cwaningo luthole ukuthi izingane eziningi zazingenayo neyodwa impendulo efanele ekuhloleni kwazo umsebenzi olula wokushintsha onkamisa. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezimbalwa ezibonise ukuqwashisa ngezingcingo eziphezulu zathola amaphuzu asondelene nokuphelele kulo msebenzi ofanayo. Lolu cwaningo lwaqhubeka lwathi " kwakunokuhlobana okuthile okubikezelwayo phakathi kokwehluka kokuqala kokuqaphela imisindvo kanye nempumelelo ekufundeni ukufunda nokupela ." Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi ngamakhono okuqwashisa ngemisindo, hhayi i-IQ, eyabikezela ukunemba kokufunda nesipelingi ekupheleni kwebanga lokuqala. Izingane ezinolwazi olunzulu lwemisindomikhi ekuqaleni kwebanga lokuqala zaba nempumelelo ephezulu yokufunda nesipelingi ekupheleni kwebanga lokuqala, uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izingane ezinolwazi oluncane lwemisindomikhi ezazinobunzima bokufunda ukufunda nokupela. [2]
Embikweni Wephaneli Yokufunda Kazwelonke, baphinde banquma ukuthi imithelela enenzuzo yokuqwashisa ngemisindo ekufundeni ihlala ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. Nakuba iziqondiso zokuqwashisa ngefonemic zifakazelwa ukuthi zisiza kakhulu izingane ukuthi zifunde ukufunda, akulona uhlelo lokufunda oluphelele. Ekwenzayo, ukuhlinzeka izingane ngesisekelo solwazi solimi lwezinhlamvu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-NRP kuphinde kwabonisa ukuthi imiyalelo yemisindo ikhiqiza izinzuzo ezibalulekile kubafundi abavela enkulisa kuze kube yibanga lesi-6, futhi iwusizo ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokufunda ukufunda.
Izingane ezifundiswa ngemisindo nemiyalo yokuqwashisa ngemisindo njalo ziyakwazi ukuhlahlela, ukufunda, nokupela, futhi zibonise nokuthuthuka okukhulu ekhonweni lazo lokuqonda umbhalo. Ngisho nezingane ezindala ezithola lezi zimfundiso ezifanayo zathuthukisa ikhono lazo lokuhlukanisa amagama nokupela amagama. I-NRP yenze isitatimende esibalulekile yathi " ukuhlakanipha okuvamile kuye kwaphakamisa ukuthi abafundi basenkulisa bangase bangakulungeli ukufundiswa ngemisindo, lokhu kucatshangelwa akuzange kusekelwe idatha. Imiphumela yokufundiswa kwemisindo yokuqala ehlelekile yayibalulekile futhi inkulu enkulisa nasebangeni lokuqala , okubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zemisindo ehlelekile kufanele zisetshenziswe kuleyo minyaka namazinga ebanga. "
Kodwa-ke, ngithanda ukwenaba kulokho ngokuthi izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala zingafunda ukufunda ngemisindo nemiyalo yokuqwashisa ngemisindo. Uma ingane encane ikwazi ukukhuluma, kufanele ikwazi ukufunda ukufunda, ngisho noma isencane njengoba ineminyaka emibili ubudala. Eqinisweni, lokhu ngikufakazele ngezingane zami. Saqala ukufundisa indodakazi yethu ineminyaka engu-2 nezinyanga ezingu-8, futhi yayikwazi ukufunda ngesikhathi ineminyaka engu-2 nezinyanga ezingu-11 ubudala.
