Ukufundisa ingane ukufunda kuyingqopha-mlando ethokozisayo nebalulekile ohambweni lwayo lokufunda. Abazali abaningi bayazibuza ngeminyaka engcono kakhulu yokwethula imfundo yokufunda futhi bakhuthaze uthando lwezincwadi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezithonya iminyaka ongaqala ngayo ukufundisa ingane ukufunda, amasu asebenzayo okusekela ukukhula kolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, kanye nezincomo zochwepheshe zohambo lokufunda oluyimpumelelo.
Ungaqala Ukuthini Ukufundisa Ingane Ukufunda?
Iwindi Lokuthuthukiswa Kokufunda
Ukuthuthukiswa kokufunda kuyinqubo eyenzeka kancane kancane eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuthonywa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise namakhono okuqonda engane, amakhono olimi, ukuchayeka ekufundeni, kanye nokulungela komuntu ngamunye. Nakuba ingekho impendulo elingana nosayizi owodwa, ochwepheshe ngokuvamile bayavuma ukuthi ububanzi beminyaka emi-4 kuye kweyi-7 buyinkathi ebalulekile yokuqala imfundo ehlelekile yokufunda.
Ukwakha Amakhono Okufunda Nasebancane
Isiteji Sokufunda Ngaphambili (Ukuzalwa Kuya Kuminyaka emi-2)
Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifunde ngokusemthethweni ukufunda, isengakwazi ukuthuthukisa amakhono abalulekile okufunda ngaphambi kokufunda. Izingane ezisacathula ziyazuza ngokuchayeka olimini olukhulunywayo, ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni, kanye nokuba phakathi nendawo enokuphrinta okucebile. Ukufundela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ngokuzwakalayo nokwethula izincwadi zebhodi ezinezithombe ezimibalabala nokuthungwa kungakhuthaza ukuhlotshaniswa okuhle nezincwadi.
Isigaba Esiphuthumayo Sokufunda nokubhala (Iminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5)
Phakathi kweminyaka emi-2 nengu-5, izingane zikhombisa intshisekelo ekhulayo ezincwadini futhi ziqala ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala kusenesikhathi. Bangase baqale ukubona izinhlamvu, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuphrinta kunencazelo, nokulingisa ukuziphatha kokufunda. Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini efana nokucula izingoma zezinhlamvu, ukudlala ngamaphazili ezinhlamvu, nokukhuthaza ukubhala nokudweba kungasekela nakakhulu amakhono abo okufunda nokubhala.
Isigaba sokuqala sokufunda (iminyaka emi-5 kuye kweyisi-7)
Eminyakeni ephakathi kwengu-5 kuya kweyi-7, izingane eziningi sezilungele imfundo ehlelekile yokufunda. Baye bathuthukisa ukuqwashisa kwemisindo, ikhono lokubona kanye nokukhohlisa imisindo ngayinye ngamagama. Lesi sikhathi siphawula ukuqala kwamakhono okuhlukanisa amagama kanye namakhono okuqaphela amagama. Ukwethula iziyalezo zemisindo, amagama abonwayo, kanye nokunikeza ukufinyelela ezincwadini ezifanele iminyaka kungabeka isisekelo sokufunda ngokushelelayo.
Izici Ezithonya Ukulungela
Ukulungela Umuntu Ngamunye
Yonke ingane ihlukile futhi izothuthuka ngejubane layo. Ezinye izingane zingase zibonise izimpawu zokulungela ukufunda zisencane, njengesithakazelo ezincwadini nasemazwini noma isifiso sokulingisa ukufunda, zisencane. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukulungela kwengane ngayinye futhi uqondise iziyalezo ezihambisana nezidingo zayo, izintshisekelo zayo, kanye nesigaba sokukhula.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kolimi
Amakhono olimi adlala indima ebalulekile ekulungele ukufunda. Izingane eziye zachayeka kokuhlangenwe nakho kolimi olucebile, izingxoxo ezihehayo, kanye namagama ahlukahlukene kusukela zisencane zingathuthukisa amakhono okufunda ngokushelela. Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kolimi ngengxoxo, ukuxoxa izindaba, kanye nokuchayeka ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene kungaba nomthelela omuhle ekhonweni labo lokufunda.
Izici Zemvelo
Isimo sasekhaya nokuzibandakanya kwabazali kunethonya elikhulu ohambweni lokufunda lwengane. Ukwakha indawo enokuphrinta okunothe nokufinyelela ezincwadini, ukuhlanganyela ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile zokufunda kuzwakale, kanye nokubonisa uthando lokufunda kungakhuthaza izingane ukuba zakhe uthando lwezincwadi nokufunda. Ukwengeza, ukunikeza amathuba okufunda ngokuzimela kanye nokuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokufunda nokubhala ezinhlelweni zansuku zonke kungathuthukisa amakhono abo okufunda nokubhala.
Amasu Aphumelelayo Okufundisa Ukufunda
1. Fundani Ngokuphimisela Ndawonye
Ukufundela izingane kuzwakale kuyithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala. Khetha izinhlobonhlobo zezincwadi ezihambisana nezinto abazithandayo nezinga lokufunda. Ngenkathi ufunda, hlanganyela ezingxoxweni, buza imibuzo, futhi ukhuthaze izibikezelo ukuze uthuthukise amakhono abo okuqonda. Ukufunda ngokuphimisela akuthuthukisi nje kuphela isilulumagama nokuthuthukiswa kolimi kodwa kubuye kubonise ukushelela kanye nothando lokufunda.
2. Imiyalelo Yemisindo
Imisindo yindlela efundisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinhlamvu nemisindo yazo. Kusiza izingane zikwazi ukuhlukanisa amagama futhi zithuthukise ukufunda ngokushelelayo. Yethula imisindvo kancane kancane, ucale ngekuhlobana kwetinhlavu nemsindvo lokulula bese kancane kancane uchubekela emaphethini efonetiki lalukhuni. Sebenzisa imisebenzi yokuxoxisana, njengemidlalo yokwakha amagama namakhasi okusebenzela emisindo, ukwenza ukufunda kuhehe futhi kujabulise.
3. Amazwi Abonwayo
Amagama okubonwa angamagama asetshenziswa kaningi okungenzeka angalandeli imithetho yefonetiki. Ukufundisa amagama okubona kusiza izingane ukuba zifunde ngokushelelayo kanye nokuqonda. Yethula amagama abonwayo anemvamisa ephezulu kancane kancane futhi unikeze amathuba okuphrakthiza ngemidlalo, amakhadi efleshi, nemisebenzi yokufunda. Yenza ukufunda amagama okubonayo kube mnandi ngokuhlanganisa ukunyakaza noma ukudala ukuzingela kwamagama okubona.
4. Imindeni Yamagama kanye Nemvumelwano
Imindeni yamagama nemisebenzi enemvumelwano ingaqinisa ukuqwashisa ngemisindo kanye nokusekela amakhono okufunda kusenesikhathi. Hlola imindeni yamagama (isb, ikati, isigqoko, umata) futhi uhlanganyele nezingane emidlalweni enemvumelwano noma izingoma. Le misebenzi isiza izingane ukubona amaphethini emagameni, angasiza ekuhlukaniseni amagama angajwayelekile ngokuzimela.
5. Ukufunda Imidlalo Nemisebenzi
Ukufaka imidlalo nemisebenzi emfundweni yokufunda kungenza ukufunda kujabulise futhi kuhlanganyele. Bandakanya izingane ekuzingeleni amagama, ibhingo yamagama, noma imiqhudelwano yokwakha amagama ukuze kuqiniswe ubudlelwano bezinhlamvu nomsindo nokuqashelwa kwamagama okubona. Izinsiza eziku-inthanethi nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemfundo zingahlinzeka ngemisebenzi ebandakanyayo ethuthukisa amakhono okufunda.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi yini ukuqala ukufundisa ingane yami ukufunda ngaphambi kokuba ikhulume?
IMP: Yebo, ungaqala ukwethula amakhono okufunda kusengaphambili enganeni yakho ngaphambi kokuba ikhulume. Ukufunda ngokuphimisela, ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni, nokuzichaya ezincwadini nokuphrinta kungabeka isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kolwazi lokufunda nokubhala esikhathini esizayo.
Umbuzo: Ingane yami ibonakala ingakuthandi ukufunda. Kumele ngenzeni?
IMP: Uma ingane yakho ibonakala ingenasithakazelo ekufundeni, zama ukuyenza into ejabulisayo nesebenzisanayo. Khetha izincwadi ezihambisana nezinto abazithandayo, ezihlanganisa ukuxoxa izindaba kanye nomdlalo oqanjiwe, futhi zinikeze amathuba okuba zikhethe izincwadi ngokuzimela. Ungaphinda uhlole izinhlobo ezahlukene namafomethi, njengamanoveli ayingcaca noma ama-audiobook, ukuze uvuse intshisekelo yawo.
Umbuzo: Kuthiwani uma ingane yami inenkinga yokufunda?
IMP: Uma ingane yakho ibhekene nezinselele zokufunda, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe nesiqondiso. Xhumana nothisha wabo noma uchwepheshe wokufunda ongahlola izidingo zabo ezithile futhi ancome ukungenelela okuqondisiwe. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokungenelela kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuqhubekeleni phambili kokufunda.
Umbuzo: Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ingane yami isikulungele ukufunda ukufunda?
IMP: Ezinye izimpawu ingane yakho engase ilungele ukufunda ngazo zihlanganisa ukubonisa isithakazelo ezincwadini, ukubona izinhlamvu nemisindo yazo, nokubonisa ukuqonda okubhaliwe okunencazelo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukulungela kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwezingane, futhi ingane ngayinye izothuthuka ngejubane layo.
Umbuzo: Ngingakwazi yini ukufundisa ingane yami ukufunda ekhaya, noma kufanele ngithembele emfundweni yesikole?
IMP: Ungadlala indima ebalulekile ekufundiseni ingane yakho ukufunda ekhaya. Ngokwakha indawo egcwele ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukuzibandakanya ezimisweni zokufunda ngokuzwakalayo, nokunikeza amathuba okuphrakthiza ukufunda, ungakwazi ukugcwalisa futhi uqinise imfundo yokufunda abayithola esikoleni.
Umbuzo: Kuthiwani uma ingane yami ifunda kuqala? Ingabe kufanele ngisheshise imfundo yabo?
IMP: Uma ingane yakho ibonisa amakhono athuthukile okufunda isencane, kubalulekile ukusekela inqubekelaphambili yayo kuyilapho uqinisekisa ukuthi inesisekelo esiqinile kumisindvo nokuqonda. Xhumana nothisha wabo noma uchwepheshe wokufunda ukuze uthole isiqondiso ngamasu okufundisa afanelekile nezinto zokwakha.
Isiphetho
Iminyaka yobudala ongaqala ngayo ukufundisa ingane ukufunda ingahluka, kodwa isikhathi esibalulekile sokufundiswa okuhlelekile kokufunda ngokuvamile siphakathi kweminyaka engu-4 no-7 ubudala. Ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala lwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukuchayeka olimini, kanye nendawo enothile ngokuphrinta kunesandla esikhulu ukulungela ukufunda kwengane. Ngokuhlanganisa amasu asebenzayo, njengokufunda ngokuphimisela, ukufundisa ngemisindo, ukuzijwayeza amagama, kanye nemisebenzi yokufunda ehehayo, ungakwazi ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kokufunda kwengane yakho futhi ukhuthaze uthando lwempilo yonke lwezincwadi nokufunda. Khumbula ukwenza iziyalezo zihambisane nezidingo zengane yakho ngayinye, izintshisekelo zayo, nesigaba sokukhula, futhi ugubhe inqubekelaphambili yazo endleleni.
