Ukuba umzali kuwuhambo oluzuzisayo kodwa oluyinselele oludinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekukhuleni kwengane kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwayo.
ENingizimu Afrika, ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yonke yezingane kuhilela ukucabangela izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nesimo sazo sezomnotho, semfundo, nempilo. Ngokuhlola izibalo nolwazi oluyisihluthulelo, singathola ukuqonda okujulile mayelana nesimo samanje sokukhulisa izingane eNingizimu Afrika futhi sihlole amasu asebenzayo okuthuthukisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lezingane zethu.
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Umthelela Wezinto Zezenhlalo Nezomnotho:
Enye yezinselelo ezibalulekile ezibhekene nabazali eNingizimu Afrika ubumpofu, obubeka engcupheni ethile ekukhuliseni izingane ngempumelelo. Ukuntuleka kwezimali akuthinti nje kuphela ikhono labazali lokunikeza izingane zabo ukudla okunomsoco, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nemfundo kodwa futhi kwenza umsebenzi wokukhulisa izingane ube nzima nakakhulu. ENingizimu Afrika, ngaphezu kwengxenye (62.3%) yezingane ezineminyaka engu-0-17 zihlala ezimweni eziphansi, okugqamisa ukusabalala kwalolu daba. Imindeni ephethwe ngabesifazane, ikakhulukazi, isengcupheni yokuntengantenga kwezimali, okwenza kube semqoka ukubhekana nokwehlukana kobulili okwenza kube nezinselele zokukhulisa izingane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezingaphezu kuka-50% eNingizimu Afrika zikhulela emakhaya lapho abanakekeli bengabazali ngaphandle kokusekelwa omunye umzali. Lokhu kungabibikho kosekelo lomzali oyedwa kubeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe kubazali abangabodwa, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukwakha izinhlelo eziphelele zokweseka ezihlangabezana nezidingo zabo ezihlukile.
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Imfundo njengesisekelo:
Imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lezingane zaseNingizimu Afrika. Uhulumeni wenze imizamo emikhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo iyafinyeleleka emhlabeni wonke, ehlose ukuthi ingane ngayinye iqedele imfundo yamabanga aphansi neyesekondari. Nakuba iMillennium Development Goals yafinyelela cishe emhlabeni wonke futhi yaphothula imfundo yamabanga aphansi, ukuphindaphinda kwamabanga, ikakhulukazi kubafundi besilisa, kuseyinselelo. Ukubhekana nalolu daba kudinga ukungenelela okuhlosiwe kanye nezinhlelo ezibhekana nezimbangela zokuphindaphinda kwebanga, njengokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezinsiza zemfundo nokusekelwa.
Nakuba ngokuyinhloko imizamo igxile ezinganeni ezisafunda isikole, imfundo yezingane isewumkhakha odinga ukunakwa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni zenkulisa kanye nezinhlelo zeBanga R, njengoba le minyaka yokuqala yakha isisekelo sohambo lwemfundo lwengane. Ukutshala imali emfundweni yezingane zisencane kuhlomisa izingane ngamakhono nolwazi olubalulekile, kuzibeka endleleni ebheke empumelelweni ezifundweni nasekuthuthukeni okuphelele.
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Iqhaza Lokukhulisa Okuhle:
Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi komzali nengane kubalulekile enhlalakahleni engokomzwelo yezingane kanye nokukhula kwayo yonke. Ngendlela izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezibiza ngayo 'okunamathiselwe,' abazali babeka ithoni ebudlelwaneni bakamuva bezingane zabo futhi bazisize zilawule imizwelo yazo nokuziphatha kwazo, umthamo owaziwa ngokuthi 'ukuzilawula.' Izinsana ezinobudlelwane obufudumele, obungaguquki nabantu abadala abasabela ngokufanele ezidingweni zabo bahlakulela ukunamathiselwe okuvikelekile, okwenza iphethini yobudlelwano besikhathi esizayo. Lokhu okunamathiselwe okuvikelekile futhi kunikeza izingane umuzwa wokuphepha odingekayo ekukhuleni okunempilo.
Ukwengeza, abazali abakha izibopho ezinempilo nezinsana zabo cishe bangakwazi ukunaka izidingo zabo, baziqondise ngendlela efanele, futhi bathole injabulo nokugcwaliseka kokuba umzali. Ngokusungula izinqubo zasekhaya ezingaguquki nokusebenzisa izindlela ezingenabo ubudlova zokuyala, abazali bangasiza izingane zilawule ukuziphatha kwazo futhi zithuthukise izindlela ezifanele zokuhlangabezana nezidingo nezifiso zazo.
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Ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi:
Ukunikeza ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo eminyakeni yokuqala kubalulekile ekulungiseleleni izingane ukuya esikoleni kanye nokwenza lula ukufunda. Ucwaningo oluphawulekayo olwenziwa e-Jamaica lubonise umthelela omkhulu wezinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwengane ekukhuleni kwengqondo nomphakathi. Lolu hlelo lusekele abazali bezingane ezingondlekile ekunikezeni imisebenzi evuselelayo, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kwengqondo kanye nemiphumela engcono yemfundo. Izingane ezithole lokhu kukhuthazwa kwengqondo zazinama-IQ aphezulu, ukusebenza kangcono kwezemfundo, namandla okuthola imali aphezulu kamuva ekuphileni.
Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukukhuthazwa okunikezwa abazali eminyakeni yokuqala kungase kunxephezele imiphumela yokungondleki, kuthuthukise impumelelo yezemfundo, futhi kuholele emathubeni angcono emisebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukudala indawo ekhuthaza ilukuluku, ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yokuxoxisana, kanye nokudalula izingane ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene nezishukumisayo kungaba nomthelela omuhle ohlala njalo ekuthuthukisweni kwazo kwengqondo nezenhlalo.
Isiphetho:
Ukuba umzali eNingizimu Afrika kuhlanganisa izinselelo namathuba ahlukahlukene. Ngokucabangela umongo wenhlalo-mnotho, ukutshala imali kwezemfundo, ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle bomzali nengane, nokunikeza ukukhuthazwa kwengqondo, singavula indlela yekusasa eliqhakazile lezingane zethu. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nokungalingani ekufinyeleleni imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu, kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zokweseka abazali, futhi kugqugquzelwe imikhuba emihle yokuba abazali. Ngokubeka eqhulwini inhlalakahle yezingane zethu namuhla, sibumba iNingizimu Afrika eqinile nephumelelayo yakusasa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi izinselele ezivamile abazali ababhekana nazo eNingizimu Afrika?
Abazali eNingizimu Afrika bavame ukubhekana nezinselele ezihlobene nobumpofu, ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezinsiza, umzali oyedwa, nokulinganisa imithwalo yemfanelo yomsebenzi neyomndeni.
Abazali bangakuthuthukisa kanjani ukukhulumisana okunempilo nezingane zabo?
Ukukhulumisana okuvulekile nokwethembeka kubalulekile. Abazali bangakha indawo ephephile nesekela izingane zabo ukuze ziveze imicabango nemizwa yazo. Ukulalela okusebenzayo nokuqonda okunozwela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuxhumana okunempilo.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlelo zokukhulisa izingane ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika?
Yebo, kunezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokukhulisa izingane ezitholakala eNingizimu Afrika ezihlinzeka ngokusekela, isiqondiso, kanye nezinsiza kubazali. Lezi zinhlelo zigxile ezicini ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa isiyalo esihle, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo, nokuthuthukiswa kwengane.
Abazali bangazigxilisa kanjani ukuzethemba ezinganeni zabo?
Abazali bangagxilisa ukuzethemba ezinganeni zabo ngokuzincoma futhi bazikhuthaze, bazibekele imigomo efinyelelekayo, bazivumele zenze izinqumo, futhi bathuthukise umuzwa wokuzibusa nokuzimela.
Yini abazali abangayenza ukuze basekele uhambo lwemfundo lwezingane zabo?
Abazali bangakwazi ukusekela imfundo yezingane zabo ngokusungula isimiso sokufunda, ukunikeza indawo ekahle yokufunda ekhaya, ukuxhumana nothisha, nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emisebenzini yesikole.
Abazali bangakwazi kanjani ukulawula ukucindezeleka nenhlalakahle yabo lapho bekhulisa izingane?
Ukuzinakekela kubalulekile kubazali. Bangakwazi ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwabo ngokwenza izinto abazijabulelayo, ngokufuna ukusekelwa umndeni nabangane, ukuzijwayeza izindlela zokuphumula, nokubeka kuqala ukuphila kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Imaphi amanye amasu okuqondisa izingane ngokuphumelelayo?
Isiyalo esiphumelelayo sihlanganisa ukubeka imingcele ecacile, ukusebenzisa ukuqinisa okuhle kanye nemivuzo, ukuhambisana nemiphumela, nokufundisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga kunokuphendukela ekujezisweni ngokomzimba.
Abazali bangayithuthukisa kanjani ibhalansi enempilo phakathi kwesikhathi sesikrini neminye imisebenzi?
Abazali bangakwazi ukumisa imikhawulo yesikhathi sesikrini, bakhuthaze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene efana nokudlala ngaphandle, ukufunda, nokuzilibazisa, futhi bahlanganyele ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe ndawonye njengomndeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe indlela elinganiselayo.
Yiziphi izinsiza ezikhona zabazali abafuna isiqondiso mayelana nokuba umzali eNingizimu Afrika?
Kunezinsiza ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi, amawebhusayithi abazali, amaqembu okusekela, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezinikeza isiqondiso, ulwazi, nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi zabazali.
Abazali bangakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko kanye nokubandakanywa endleleni yabo yokuba umzali?
Abazali bangachaya izingane zabo emasikweni ahlukahlukene, bahlanganyele ezingxoxweni ngamasiko namasiko ahlukahlukene, bafundise ukuhlonipha abanye, futhi bakhuthaze ukuba nomqondo ovulekile nokwamukela ukungezwani.
Ezinye izindatshana ongazifunda mayelana nokuba ngumzali:
"Ungakugxilisa Kanjani Ukuzethemba Ezinganeni Zakho: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wabazali" - 4aKid. Itholakala ku: https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/how-to-instill-confidence-in-your-children-a-comprehensive-guide-for-parents
"Izinyathelo Ezingu-10 Zokuba Umzali Ophumelelayo" - 4aKid. Itholakala ku: https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/10-steps-to-becoming-a-more-effective-parent
"Amathiphu angu-5 WANGEMPELA okufanele wonke umama nobaba bawalandele" - 4aKid. Itholakala ku: https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/5-real-tips-that-every-mom-and-dad-should-follow
"Amathiphu angu-8 aphezulu okuba Umzali Omuhle: Ukukhulisa Izingane Ezijabulayo Neziqinisekayo" - 4aKid. Itholakala ku: https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/8-top-tips-for-positive-parenting-4akid-blog
"Imikhuba Enempilo Enempilo Eyisi-7 Yokukhulisa Izingane Ezijabulayo Nezilungiswe Kahle" - 4aKid. Itholakala ku: https://4akid.co.za/blogs/parenting-advice/7-healthy-parenting-habits-for-raising-happy-and-well-adjusted-children
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zithenjwa zivela kuwebhusayithi ye-4aKid futhi zinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe namathiphu okuba umzali.
Izithenjwa:
"Ukuba Abazali eNingizimu Afrika: Izinselele Namathuba" - Inyuvesi yasePitoli, Isikhungo Somthetho Wezingane. Itholakala ku: https://www.childlaw.co.za/documents/pub/pub23/Parenting_in_South_Africa_Challenges_and_Opportunities.pdf
"Inhlolovo YaseNingizimu Afrika Yezibalo Nezempilo Ka-2016" - Izibalo zaseNingizimu Afrika. Itholakala ku: https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Report%2003-00-09/Report%2003-00-092016.pdf
"Izinhlelo Zabazali eNingizimu Afrika: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile" - Rau, L., et al. (2017). Ijenali Yezifundo Zengane Nomndeni, 26(2), 557-573.
"Ukwakha Amakhono Okukhulisa Abazali eNingizimu Afrika: 'Kubalulekile Abazali!' Uhlelo"- uLund, C., et al. (2010). Ijenali Yempilo Yengqondo Yengane Nentsha, 22(2), 107-118.
"Ukuthuthukisa Ukusimama Emindenini YaseNingizimu Afrika: Izincomo Zokucwaninga Nokwenza" - Richter, L., et al. (2009). Ijenali Yesayensi YaseNingizimu Afrika, 105(7/8), 261-266.
"Ukukhulisa Impilo Yempilo Yonke: Umbhalo WaseNingizimu Afrika Omfishane" - Tomlinson, M., et al. (2014). Itholakala ku: https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/child/plh_briefing_paper.pdf
"Ukuziphatha Okuhle: Umhlahlandlela Wabazali" - Save the Children South Africa. Itholakala ku: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/5486/pdf/5486.pdf
"Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Sesikrini Zezingane Kuya Kwentsha" - I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Itholakala ku: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/Media/Pages/Screen-Time-Guidelines-for-Babies-to-Teens.aspx
"Izinsiza Zokukhulisa Abazali eNingizimu Afrika" - Umzali24. Itholakala ku: https://www.parent24.com/Parenting/Resources
"Ukuhlukahluka Kwamasiko: Iziphakamiso Zabazali" - I-American Academy of Pediatrics. Itholakala ku: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Building-Resilience/Pages/Cultural-Diversity-Suggestions-for-Parents.aspx
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zithenjwa zihlinzekelwe izinjongo zolwazi kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe.
