Ukuqonda Umthelela Wokudlala Onodoli Kumakhono Omphakathi Wezingane
IMattel, Inc. kanye neNyuvesi yaseCardiff zethule okutholakele kwakamuva ocwaningweni lwazo lweminyaka eminingi, okwembula imithelela yesikhashana neyesikhathi eside yokukhula yokudlala onodoli. Lolucwaningo olunzulu, olungunyaka walo wesithathu manje, luphakamisa ukuthi ukudlala onodoli kungaba yinto ewusizo ezinganeni ezinezindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukahlukene emphakathini, kuhlanganise nalezo ezikhombisa izici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-autism.
Ucwaningo Oluyingqopha-mlando lukaDkt. Sarah Gerson
Oholwa usosayensi wezinzwa uDkt. Sarah Gerson ovela eMnyangweni wezeSayensi Yokuthuthukiswa Komuntu eSikoleni Sezokusebenza Kwengqondo eNyuvesi yaseCardiff, lolucwaningo lwakhela kulokho okutholakale ngaphambilini eminyakeni emibili edlule. Luphinde lwandise ububanzi balo ukuze luhlanganise iqembu elihlukahlukene lababambiqhaza, kusukela ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-4–8 ezibonisa amazinga aphezulu naphansi ezici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-autism.
Ngokubambisana noDkt. Catherine Jones, uMqondisi weWales Autism Research Centre eNyuvesi yaseCardiff, idatha evela onyakeni wesithathu iqinisekisa okutholwe ngonyaka wokuqala. Ibonisa ukuthi ukubandakanyeka ekudlaleni onodoli, kungaba wedwa noma nabangani, kungathuthukisa amakhono okucubungula umphakathi ezinganeni. Le miphumela iyiqiniso ezinganeni ezinamazinga ahlukene ezici ze-autism, nakuba ngalezi zindlela ezahlukene zokudlala.
Ukudlala Onodoli Kukhuthaza Ukucutshungulwa Komphakathi
UDkt. Gerson uthi, "Ucwaningo lwethu lubonisa ukuthi ukudlala onodoli kungakhuthaza ukucutshungulwa komphakathi ezinganeni, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwenhlangano yazo yezinzwa. Okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi zonke izingane, kuhlanganise nalezo ezinezici ezihlukile zezinzwa ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-autism, zingase zisebenzise ukudlala onodoli njengegama lokuzilolonga izimo zomphakathi nokuthuthukisa amakhono omphakathi, njengozwelo."
Ithimba labacwaningi lisebenzise imishini yesimanjemanje, esebenzayo, ye-near-infrared spectroscopy ukuze libheke ukusebenza kobuchopho ngesikhathi kudlalwa onodoli nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi, kokubili ngabanye nangabalingani. Lokhu kuphinde kwaphindwa izimo ezenzeka onyakeni wokuqala wocwaningo. Okubonwe kwembula ukwanda kokusebenza kobuchopho esifundeni se-posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) ngesikhathi kudlalwa onodoli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakwedwa noma kuxhumana. Isifunda se-pSTS sidlala indima ebalulekile ekucutshungulweni komphakathi nokomzwelo. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukudlala onodoli kusebenzisa izifunda zobuchopho ezixhunyaniswe nokucutshungulwa kolwazi lomphakathi, njengozwelo, okubonisa ukuthi izingane zingakwazi ukuzilolonga, zisebenzise, ​​futhi zithuthukise lamakhono ngisho nalapho zidlala zodwa. Okubalulekile, lo mthelela ebuchosheni wawufana kuzingane ezinamazinga ahlukene ezici ze-autism.
Ukusekela Ukuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Kuzo Zonke Izinhlobo Zezinzwa
Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi ukudlala onodoli kungasekele ukucutshungulwa komphakathi ezinganeni, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwenhlangano yazo yezinzwa, nakuba izindlela zingahluka. Ezinganeni ezinezici ze-autism ezimbalwa, ukuxoxa ngezimo zengqondo zabanye kwakuhlobene nokusebenza kwe-pSTS lapho zidlala onodoli zodwa. Ngokuphambene, kulabo abanezici ze-autism eziningi, ukubandakanyeka ezingxoxweni nabanye ngesikhathi kudlalwa onodoli kwakuhlobene nokusebenza kwe-pSTS, ngisho nalapho zidlala zodwa.
Okutholwe onyakeni wesithathu eNyuvesi yaseCardiff kugcizelela ukuthi izingane, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwenhlangano yazo yezinzwa, zingakwazi ukubandakanyeka futhi mhlawumbe zizuzwe ukudlala onodoli mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwazo komphakathi. Sekuqinisekiswe kahle ukuthi ukucutshungulwa komphakathi namakhono ozwelo kubalulekile ekunqumeni ikusasa lomzwelo, lemfundo, kanye nempumelelo yomphakathi yengane.
Ukugxila Kwezinhlobo Zezinzwa Ezihlukene
UDkt. Catherine Jones ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvuma nokuhlonipha ukuhlukahlukana kwezinzwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela nokubonga izindlela ezihlukene zokusebenza kobuchopho bezingane nokwamukela indlela ehlanganisayo neyamukelayo ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi kwazo zonke izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuhlukahluka kwazo kwezinzwa. Ngokwamukela zonke izitayela zokudlala, singakha imvelo ehlanganisayo nesekelayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezingane.
Ukuqinisekisa Amandla Okudlala
Kusukela emsebenzini kaJean Piaget oyingqopha-mlando mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo, ukudlala kuye kwabhekwa njengokusizo kumakhono omphakathi wezingane nokudala. Kodwa-ke, lolucwaningo luyilapho kuqala ukuthi lezi zimfundiso eziyinhloko zikaPiaget mayelana nokudlala ziqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kobuchopho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu ucwaningo lokuqala ukusebenzisa ubufakazi be-neuroimaging ngokudlala okungokwemvelo ngodoli, okwenza abacwaningi bakwazi ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza kanjani ngesikhathi kudlalwa onodoli ngaphandle kwendaba echaziwe.
Ukuzibophezela KukaBarbie Ekuthuthukisweni Kwezingane
UMichael Swaisland, Inhloko ye-EMEA ye-Insight ne-Analytics kwaMattel, uthi, "Siyaziqhenya ngokwazi ukuthi lapho izingane, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwenhlangano yazo yezinzwa, zidlala ngoBarbie, ukudlala kwazo kungase kuzuzise ukuthuthukiswa kwazo." UBarbie uhlose ukuphefumulela amandla angenamkhawulo enganeni ngayinye, futhi lolucwaningo lugqamisa ukuthi ukudlala ngoBarbie kungakhuthaza kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono omphakathi njengozwelo ezinganeni, kuhlanganise nalezo ezikhombisa izici ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-autism. Ukubambisana phakathi kwaMattel neNyuvesi yaseCardiff kuyaqhubeka nokuhlola izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zokudlala onodoli, kwembula umthelela wako omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezingane.
Ucwaningo Oluyingqopha-mlando
Imiphumela yalo nyaka wesithathu wocwaningo ibhalwe ocwaningweni olunesihloko esithi "Ukwamukela Ukuhlukahluka Kwezinzwa Ekudlaleni Onodoli: Ukuphenya Ukuxhumana Kwezinzwa Nezihambelanayo Zolimi Zokudlala Onodoli Esampuleni Esihlukene Sengezinzwa." Lolucwaningo olubuyekezwe ontanga lwanyatheliswa ku-European Journal of Neuroscience ngoSepthemba 2023 nguDkt. Sarah Gerson kanye nozakwabo eCardiff University's Centre for Human Developmental Science, e-UK, kanye nababambisana nabo baseKing's College London.
Funda Okwengeziwe futhi Ufinyelele Izinsiza
Abazali nabahlezi abanentshisekelo yokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nocwaningo nokufinyelela izinsiza bangavakashela ku-barbie.com/benefits.
Mayelana neMattel Mattel, Inc. ingumholi emhlabeni jikelele embonini yamathoyizi futhi ineqoqo lamafranshizi athandwayo ezingane nawokuzijabulisa komndeni. Imikhiqizo yabo emisha nolwazi lwabo luphefumulela futhi luhlanganyele izingane ngokudlala. Ngemikhiqizo edume njengoBarbie®, Hot Wheels®, Fisher-Price®, American Girl®, Thomas & Friends®, UNO®, kanye neMEGA®, iMattel inikeza uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezijabulisayo zezingane. Ngaphandle kwamathoyizi, baphinde banikeze okuqukethwe kwefilimu nethelevishini, imidlalo, umculo, nemicimbi ebukhoma. Ngokusebenza ezindaweni ezingu-35, imikhiqizo kaMattel iyatholakala emazweni angaphezu kuka-150 ngokubambisana nabathengisi abahamba phambili kanye nezinkampani ze-e-commerce. Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1945, iMattel ibe ngumlingani othembekile ekuqiniseni izingane ukuba zihlole isimangaliso sobuntwana futhi zifinyelele amandla azo agcwele.
Mayelana neNyuvesi yaseCardiff INyuvesi yaseCardiff iyisikhungo esidumile sokufundisa nocwaningo, esihlala sibalwa njengenye yamanyuvesi ahamba phambili e-UK. Njengelungu leRussell Group yamanyuvesi agxile ocwaningweni, iNyuvesi igqama ngobuhle bayo bocwaningo. INyuvesi yaseCardiff inikeza uhla olubanzi lobungcweti, oluhlanganisa iKholeji Yama-Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, iKholeji Lama-Biomedical and Life Sciences, kanye neKholeji Lama-Physical Sciences and Engineering. Ngokuzibophezela ekufundeni impilo yonke, Izikhungo Zocwaningo zeNyuvesi eziyinhloko zihamba phambili ekutholeni izixazululo ezintsha ezinselele zomhlaba jikelele. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe, vakashela iNyuvesi yaseCardiff.
