Umfutho wegazi ophezulu, noma i-hypertension, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa yisimo esidinga ukunakwa nokuphathwa ngokucophelela. Nakuba abesifazane abaningi abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu beqhubeka nokuba nokukhulelwa okunempilo, i-hypertension engalashwa noma ephathwa kabi ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kumama nomntwana. Ukuqonda ubungozi, izinhlobo, izimpawu, namasu okuphatha kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa okunempilo.
Umfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Uyini Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa?
Umfutho wegazi ulinganisa amandla egazi eliphusha ezindongeni zemithambo yakho. Umfutho wegazi ophezulu uhlonzwa lapho izinombolo zeqhubeka zedlula i-140/90 mmHg. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungafakwa ezigabeni ezihlukene:
- I-Chronic Hypertension: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu owawukhona ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ohlonzwe ngaphambi kwamaviki angu-20 okukhulelwa.
- I-Gestational Hypertension: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu oqala ngemuva kwamaviki angu-20 okukhulelwa ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokulimala kwesitho.
- I-Preeclampsia: Isimo esinzima esibandakanya umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokulimala kwezitho ezifana nesibindi, izinso, noma ubuchopho, okuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kwamaviki angu-20 okukhulelwa.
Ubungozi Bomfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Kumama
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ungaletha ubungozi obukhulu empilweni kamama, ikakhulukazi uma ungashiywa ungalashwa.
1. I-Preeclampsia
Esinye sezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu, i-preeclampsia, singaqala kubesifazane abane-gestational hypertension noma i-chronic hypertension. Singaholela ekulimaleni kwezitho, ukugcinwa koketshezi, nokuvuvukala okukhulu. Uma ingalashwa, ingaqhubeka iye ku-eclampsia, isimo esiyingozi kakhulu esibandakanya ukuquleka.
2. I-Placental Abruption
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wandisa ubungozi be-placental abruption, isimo lapho i-placenta ihlukana khona odongeni lwesibeletho ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungabangela ukopha okukhulu futhi kube nobungozi kumama nomntwana.
I-chronic hypertension ingabeka ingcindezi eyengeziwe enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi, yandise ubungozi besifo senhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
4. Ukuncipha Kokugeleza Kwegazi Ku-Placenta
I-Hypertension inganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ku-placenta, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhula okungahambi kahle kombungu noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ubungozi Bomfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Kumntwana
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu awuthinti umama kuphela; ungathinta nempilo nokukhula komntwana.
1. Ukukhula Kwendodakazi Ngaphakathi Kwesibeletho (IUGR)
Ukuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ku-placenta kunganciphisa ukuthola komntwana umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba, okuholela ekukhuleni okuhamba kancane nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa.
2. Ukuzalwa Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi
I-Hypertension yandisa amathuba okuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kungaba ngokwemvelo noma ngokungenelela kwezokwelapha, ukuze kuvikelwe umama nomntwana. Izingane ezizalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingabhekana nezinselelo ezifana namaphaphu angakhulile nezinye izinkinga.
3. Ukuzalwa Okufile
Ezimweni ezinzima, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungandisa ubungozi bokuzalwa okufile ngenxa yezinkinga ezifana ne-placental abruption noma ukungabi bikho komoya-mpilo owanele.
4. Ukulaliswa Esibhedlela Sezingane Ezisanda Kuzalwa (NICU)
Izingane ezizalwa omama abane-hypertension zingase zidinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile esibhedlela sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa (NICU) ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga ezihlobene nokungaphumi kwesikhathi noma isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi.
Izimpawu Zomfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu awuvami ukubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo, yingakho ukuhlolwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, abesifazane bangase babhekane nalokhu:
- Amakhanda abuhlungu kakhulu
- Ukungaboni kahle noma ukubona amabala
- Ukuvuvukala ebusweni noma ezandleni
- Ukuphefumula kanzima
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ukukhuluphala okungazelelwe
- Ukuncipha komchamo
Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Uhlonzwa Kanjani
Ukuhlola umfutho wegazi njalo kuyingxenye evamile yokunakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Uma kutholakala umfutho wegazi ophezulu, kungenzeka kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kuhlolwe ubunzima nezinkinga ezingase zivele:
- Ukuhlolwa Komchamo: Ukuhlola amaprotheni emchameni, uphawu lwe-preeclampsia.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi.
- Ama-Ultrasound: Ukuqapha ukukhula kombungu namanzi omile.
- Ukuhlolwa Okungacindezeli: Ukuhlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokunyakaza komntwana.
Ukuphathwa Nokwelashwa Komfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Ukuphatha umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kudinga inhlanganisela yokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila, nokuqapha okuseduze.
1. Imithi
Imithi ethile yomfutho wegazi ibhekwa njengephephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza inketho efaneleke kakhulu ukuphatha isimo sakho ngenkathi enciphisa ubungozi kumntwana wakho.
2. Ukuqapha Njalo
Ukuvakashelwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuba aqaphe umfutho wegazi wakho, abheke izimpawu zezinkinga, futhi ahlolisise ukukhula nenhlalakahle yomntwana wakho.
3. Ukudla Okunempilo
Ukudla okunomsoco kungasiza ukuphatha umfutho wegazi. Gxila kokulandelayo:
- Izithelo nemifino emisha
- Okusanhlamvu okugcwele
- Amaprotheni anamafutha amancane
- Ukudla okunomsoco omncane
Gwema ukudla okucutshunguliwe, usawoti omningi, nama-snack anoshukela omningi angase abhebhethekise i-hypertension.
4. Hlala Uphapheme
Ukuzivocavoca okuncane, njengokuhamba noma i-yoga ngaphambi kokubeletha, kungathuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kusize ukuphatha umfutho wegazi. Hlala uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yimuphi umkhuba wokuzivocavoca.
5. Phatha Ukucindezeleka
Ukucindezeleka kungaba nomthelela kumfutho wegazi ophezulu. Faka amasu okuphumula njengokuzindla, izivivinyo zokuphefumula okujulile, noma ukubhucunga ngaphambi kokubeletha ukuze unciphise amazinga okucindezeleka.
6. Thola Ukuphumula Okwanele
Beka phambili ukuphumula futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ulala ngokwanele njalo ebusuku. Sebenzisa imicamelo ukuze usekele umzimba wakho futhi wenze ukulala kube ntofontofo kakhudlwana.
7. Gwema Ukubhema Notshwala
Kokubili ukubhema notshwala kungabhebhethekisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu futhi kwandise ubungozi bezinkinga. Susa le mikhuba ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Ukuvimbela Umfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Ngesikhathi Sokukhulelwa
Nakuba ezinye izici zobungozi, njengofuzo noma izimo ezikhona kakade, zingaphezu kwamandla akho, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise amathuba okuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu:
- Qinisekisa isisindo esinempilo ngaphambi nangemuva kokukhulelwa.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo okunomsoco omncane nokudla okucutshunguliwe.
- Hlala uphapheme ngokuzivocavoca njalo, okulinganiselayo.
- Phatha izimo ezingelapheki, njengesifo sikashukela noma i-hypertension, ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
- Yiba khona kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokubeletha ukuze kuqashwe njalo futhi kutholakale izinkinga kusenesikhathi.
Nini Okufanele Ufune Usizo Lwezokwelapha Ngokushesha
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ungakhuphuka ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ufune nini usizo oluphuthumayo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:
- Amakhanda abuhlungu kakhulu angaphenduli kumithi yokudambisa izinhlungu engadingi incwadi kadokotela
- Izinguquko ekuboneni, njengokungaboni kahle noma ukubona amabala
- Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe nokukhulu ebusweni, ezandleni, noma ezinyaweni
- Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngasenhla ngakwesokudla
- Izimpawu zokuncipha kokunyakaza kombungu
Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa i-preeclampsia noma ezinye izinkinga ezidinga ukungenelela ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa uyisimo esibi, kodwa ngokuqapha nokunakekelwa okufanele, abesifazane abaningi bangaba nokukhulelwa nokubeletha okunempilo. Ukuqonda ubungozi, ukubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi, nokulandela izeluleko zikadokotela wakho kubalulekile ekuphatheni i-hypertension ngempumelelo. Beka phambili ukuvakashelwa njalo ngaphambi kokubeletha, yamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, futhi uhlale unolwazi mayelana nesimo sakho ukuze uvikele impilo yakho nenhlalakahle yomntwana wakho.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ungamlimaza yini umntwana wami?
Yebo, uma ungashiywa ungalashwa, umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokukhula okungahambi kahle kombungu, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ukuzalwa okufile. Ukuphatha okufanele kunciphisa lezi zingozi.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-gestational hypertension ne-preeclampsia uyini?
I-Gestational hypertension ibandakanya umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngaphandle kokulimala kwezitho, kuyilapho i-preeclampsia ibandakanya izinkinga ezengeziwe ezifana namaprotheni emchameni nokungasebenzi kahle kwezitho.
Kuphephile yini ukuphuza imithi yomfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Imithi ethile iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho uzonikeza eyodwa ephatha umfutho wegazi wakho ngaphandle kokulimaza umntwana wakho.
Ngingawuvimbela yini umfutho wegazi ophezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Nakuba kungenzeka kungavinjelwa zonke izimo, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo okunosawoti omncane nokudla okucutshunguliwe, ukuhlala uphapheme, nokuphatha ukucindezeleka kunganciphisa ubungozi bakho.
Umfutho wegazi ophezulu uzoshabalala yini ngemuva kokukhulelwa?
I-Gestational hypertension ijwayele ukushabalala ngemuva kokubeletha. Kodwa-ke, i-chronic hypertension ingase iqhubeke, futhi uzodinga ukuqapha nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ngemuva kokubeletha.
