IPreeclampsia iyinkinga enzima kakhulu yokukhulelwa ethinta impilo kamama nengane. Ngokuvamile ivela ngemuva kwamaviki angu-20 okukhulelwa futhi ibonakala ngokuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nezimpawu zokulimala kwezitho zomzimba ezifana nesibindi noma izinso. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-preeclampsia iyini, izici eziyingozi zayo, izimpawu, nezindlela zokuyivimbela kungakwazi ukuqinisa omama abakhulelwe ukuze bazivikele bona nezingane zabo.
Iyini i-Preeclampsia?
IPreeclampsia isimo esibonakala ngomfutho wegazi ophezulu (hypertension) kanye nezimpawu zokulimala kwezinye izitho, ikakhulukazi isibindi nezinso. Ingakhula ngokuzumayo futhi, uma ingalashwanga, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana ne-eclampsia (ukudlikiza), ukuhluleka kwezitho, noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lesi simo singenzeka kwabesifazane ababenomfutho wegazi ojwayelekile ngaphambi kokukhulelwa.
Yini Ebangela i-Preeclampsia?
Imbangela eqondile ye-preeclampsia ayiqondwa ngokugcwele, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi ihlobene nezinkinga ekukhuleni kwe-placenta. Izici ezingaba khona zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhula Okungajwayelekile Kwe-Placenta: Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi ku-placenta kungabangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu nokulimala kwezitho zomzimba zikamama.
- Izimpendulo Ze-Immune System: I-immune system yowesifazane ingase isabele ngendlela engaqondakali ekukhulelweni, kube nomthelela kwi-preeclampsia.
- Izici Zofuzo: Umlando womndeni we-preeclampsia ungase ukhuphule ingozi.
Ubani Osengozini Ye-Preeclampsia?
Izici ezithile zandisa amathuba okuba ne-preeclampsia:
- Ukukhulelwa Kokuqala: IPreeclampsia ivame kakhulu ekukhulelweni kokuqala.
- Umlando Wangaphambilini: Uma uke waba ne-preeclampsia ekukhulelweni kwangaphambilini, ingozi yokuphinda ibe phezulu.
- Umlando Womndeni: Umlando womndeni we-preeclampsia ukhuphula ingozi yakho.
- Ukukhulelwa Okuningi: Ukuthwala amawele, amawele amathathu, noma ngaphezulu kwandisa ingcindezi ku-placenta.
- Izifo Ezingelapheki: Izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, noma izifo ze-autoimmune zingandisa ingozi.
- Ukukhuluphala Kakhulu: Isisindo somzimba esiningi singaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-preeclampsia.
- Ubudala Bukamama: Abesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-20 noma abangaphezu kwengu-35 basengozini enkulu.
Izimpawu Nezisetshenziswa Ze-Preeclampsia
IPreeclampsia ingahluka kusuka kokuncane kuye kokunzima. Ukwazi izimpawu kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale futhi kulawulwe kusenesikhathi.
Izimpawu Ezivame Ukubonakala
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu oqhubekayo (140/90 mmHg noma ngaphezulu)
- Ukuvuvukala ezandleni, ebusweni, noma ezinyaweni (edema)
- Iphrotheni emchameni (itholakala ngokuhlolwa komchamo)
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ukungaboni kahle, ukuzwela ekukhanyeni, noma ukubona amabala
- Ubuhlungu engxenyeni engenhla kwesisu sokudla
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza
- Ukuzehlisa isisindo okuzumayo (ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-2–3 ngesonto)
- Ukuphefumula okunzima (ngenxa yoketshezi emapaphu)
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimpawu, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.
Ilashwa Kanjani i-Preeclampsia?
IPreeclampsia ivame ukulashwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokukhulelwa. Odokotela baqapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu, bahlole iphrotheni emchameni, futhi bangase ba-ode ezinye izivivinyo ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso kanye namazinga e-platelet.
- I-Ultrasound: Ukuqapha ukukhula komntwana nempilo ye-placenta.
- I-Non-Stress Test: Ukuhlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokunyakaza komntwana.
Izinkinga Ze-Preeclampsia
Uma ingalashwanga, i-preeclampsia ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kumama nasenganeni:
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Kukamama:
- Eclampsia (ukudlikiza)
- I-HELLP Syndrome (uhlobo olunzima lwe-preeclampsia olubandakanya isibindi nezinkinga zegazi)
- Ukonakala kwezitho (isibindi, izinso, ubuchopho)
- Ukuhlukana kwe-placenta
- Ushukela wegazi ohlanga (Stroke)
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Kuwane:
- Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa
- Ukukhula okulinganiselwe ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi ku-placenta
- Ukuzalwa komntwana ofile ezimeni ezinzima
Indlela Yokuzivikela Ku-Preeclampsia
Nakuba kungeyona yonke imicimbi ye-preeclampsia engavikelwa, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho futhi uthole isimo kusenesikhathi.
1. Yiya Kubo Bonke Ubungcweti Bokukhulelwa
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuvumela umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuba aqaphe umfutho wegazi wakho, amazinga ephrotheni emchameni, nezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile. Ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekuphatheni i-preeclampsia ngempumelelo.
2. Qapha Umfutho Wegazi Wakho
Uma unomlando womfutho wegazi ophezulu noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, cabanga ukuqapha umfutho wegazi wakho ekhaya ngedivayisi enokwethenjelwa. Bika noma yikuphi ukufundwa okuphezulu kudokotela wakho.
3. Yidla Ukudla Okunempilo
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselwe okucebile okusanhlamvu okugcwele, izithelo, imifino, amaprotheni anomzimba omncane, namafutha anempilo.
- Nciphisa ukudla usawoti ukuze uvimbele ukugcinwa koketshezi nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
- Faka ukudla okucebile nge-calcium, njengoba ukushoda kwe-calcium kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyandisiwe ye-preeclampsia.
4. Hlala Uphapheme
Zibandakanye ekuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe okufana nokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma i-yoga yangaphambi kokubeletha ukuze uthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, unciphise ukucindezeleka, futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo.
5. Phatha Izifo Ezingelapheki
Uma unezifo ezingaphansi ezifana ne-hypertension noma isifo sikashukela, sebenzisana eduze nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uziphathe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
6. Thatha Izithasiselo Ezinconywayo
Udokotela wakho angase ancome amavithamini angaphambi kokubeletha, kuhlanganise nalawo ane-folic acid ne-calcium, ukuze asekele ukukhulelwa okunempilo futhi anciphise ingozi yezinkinga.
7. Gwema Ukubhema Nokuphuza Utshwala
Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala kungandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia nezinye izinkinga zokukhulelwa. Ukuyeka le mikhuba kuthuthukisa imiphumela kamama nengane.
8. Hlala Uphuzile Amanzi
Ukuphuza amanzi anele kusekela ukugeleza kwegazi okunempilo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokugcinwa koketshezi.
9. Nciphisa Ukucindezeleka
Ukucindezeleka kungaba nomthelela kumfutho wegazi ophezulu. Zama amasu okuphumula afana nokuzindla, ukuphefumula okujulile, noma ukuzicabangela ukuze uhlale uzolile futhi ugxile.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Preeclampsia
Uma utholakala une-preeclampsia, udokotela wakho uzokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa olusekelwe ebunzimeni besimo sakho kanye nesigaba sokukhulelwa kwakho.
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I-Preeclampsia Enomoya Omncane:
- Ukuqapha njalo umfutho wegazi nempilo yomntwana
- Ukuphumula embhedeni noma ukunciphisa umsebenzi
- Imithi yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi uma kudingeka
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I-Preeclampsia Enzima:
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze kuqashwe eduze
- Ama-corticosteroid ukuze asheshise ukukhula kwamaphaphu omntwana uma kungenzeka ukuthi azale ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- Ukuzalwa komntwana (kuphela ikhambi eliqondile le-preeclampsia)
Nini Okufanele Ufune Usizo Ngokushesha
Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu elingapheli
- Izinguquko ezizumayo ekuboneni noma ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
- Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo obungenhla esiswini sokudla
- Ukuvuvukala okukhulu ezandleni, ebusweni, noma ezinyaweni
- Ukuphefumula okunzima
- Izimpawu zokubeletha ngaphambi kwamaviki angu-37
Isiphetho
IPreeclampsia isimo esinzima, kodwa ngokutholakala kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa okusebenzayo, izingozi zingalawulwa ngempumelelo. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwangaphambi kokubeletha, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kanye nokuxhumana okuvulekile nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo yizindlela zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokuzivikela wena nengane yakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Impilo yakho nempilo yomntwana wakho kuxhomeke kukho.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
1. Ingabe i-preeclampsia ingavikelwa?
Nakuba ingavame ukuvikelwa, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, ukuphatha izifo ezingelapheki, nokuya ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile kwangaphambi kokubeletha kunganciphisa ingozi yakho.
2. Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-preeclampsia?
Abesifazane abanomlando we-preeclampsia, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sikashukela, ukukhulelwa okuningi, noma umlando womndeni wesimo basengozini enkulu.
3. Ingabe i-preeclampsia ihlale idinga ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izimo ezinomoya omncane zingavame ukuphathwa ngokuqapha nangemithi kuze kube yilapho umntwana esekulungele ukuzalwa. Izimo ezinzima zingase zidinge ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze kuphephe umama nengane.
4. Ingabe i-preeclampsia iyingozi enganeni?
Uma ingalashwanga, i-preeclampsia ingaholela ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa, nezinye izinkinga. Ngokuphatha okufanele, izingane eziningi zizalwa zinempilo.
5. Ilashwa kanjani i-preeclampsia?
IPreeclampsia ilashwa ngokulinganisa umfutho wegazi, ukuhlolwa komchamo kwephrotheni, kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlengwe ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso. Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwangaphambi kokubeletha kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi.
