I-Verywell’s Pregnancy Week by Week Guide! Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhulelwe okokuqala noma usuwumzali onolwazi, ungase ukuthole ukukhulelwa kuyinto emangalisayo, edidayo, ekudonsayo, nakho konke okuphakathi (ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi esisodwa). Umzimba wakho uklanyelwe ukwenza izinto ezimangalisayo, kodwa kuphephile ukusho ukuthi konke okwenzekayo emavikini angu-40 okukhulelwa kungokunye kokumangalisayo kakhulu. Qala ngokufunda ukuze uthole umqondo wokuthi yini elandelwa yi-trimester ngayinye, bese ungena ezindatshaneni zamaviki ngamaviki ukuze ubhekisise ukuthi amasonto ayisikhombisa angenza umehluko ongakanani. Kwangathi izinyanga zakho eziyisishiyagalolunye zokukhulelwa zingaba ezisempilweni nezenjabulo ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-First Trimester (Amaviki 1 kuya ku-13)
Ngenkathi lesi sigaba sokukhulelwa kwakho sidlulela ezinyangeni ezintathu, sibhekwa njengesishintshisi esifushane kakhulu. Isizathu? Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi bakhulelwe inyanga yokuqala. (Izivivinyo zokukhulelwa ekhaya ngokuvamile ngeke zibhalise umphumela omuhle kuze kube cishe isonto lesi-4.)1
I-trimester yokuqala ibhekwa njengefushane kakhulu njengoba kuthatha amasonto angaba ngu-4 ukuze abantu abaningi baqaphele ukuthi bakhulelwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isonto loku-1 nesonto lesi-2 empeleni ngamaviki lapho ubamba khona futhi unomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi isikhathi sokukhulelwa sihlanganisa amaviki angu-40, ukubala phansi kuqala cishe amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuba ukhule ngokusemthethweni.
Izimpawu
Uqweqwe lwakho olubonakalayo lwesisu ngeke lufike kuze kufike i-trimester yesibili, kodwa ungase uqaphele izimpawu zokukhulelwa ngaphandle ngaphambi kwalokho, njengamabele avuvukele nezinguquko esikhumbeni. Ngenkathi ungase uhlangabezane nezinguquko esiswini, lokhu kuvamise ukuba ngenxa yokuqunjelwa okuhlobene nokukhulelwa kanye negesi, hhayi ukukhula komntwana. Nokho, ekupheleni kwe-trimester yakho yokuqala, ungase ukhule phakathi kwephawundi elingu-1 nama-4½.
Okulindelekile
- Izimpawu zakuqala. I-hormone yokukhulelwa i-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) igijima emzimbeni wakho, iphindwe kabili njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu futhi iqophe amagoli isonto le-10. Ikhiqizwa ngamaseli ku-placenta yakho ekhulayo futhi ikhulula ama-hormone e-estrogen ne-progesterone. Konke lokhu kunomthelela ezimpawini eziningi ezingaba khona (kodwa ezingaqinisekisiwe) zokukhulelwa kokuqala ezifana nesicanucanu, ukukhathala, kanye ne-heartburn. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukwehla ku-trimester yakho yesibili lapho amazinga e-hCG ehla.
- Ama-aphoyintimenti angaphambi kokubeletha. Uzoqala ama-aphoyintimenti akho angaphambi kokubeletha kule trimester, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ube nochwepheshe omethembayo futhi ozizwa ukhululekile naye. Awukho umthetho othi umhlinzeki obekukunikeza ukuhlolwa kwakho konyaka kanye nama-Pap smears kudingeka abe nguye ombona phakathi nokukhulelwa.
Ukukhula Kosana Lwakho
Ngenkathi i-trimester yakho yokuqala ingavezi okuningi ezinguqukweni zomzimba ngaphandle, okuningi kwenzeka okungabonakali.
Usuku lokuqala lokukhulelwa kwakho, isidoda neqanda kusamele kuhlangane. NgeSonto lesi-6—phakathi ne-trimester yakho yokuqala—ubuso, ukhakhayi, nobuchopho bomntwana wakho buqala ukwakheka. Izandla nezinyawo zabo zenza ukubonakala kwazo okufana nehlumela emzimbeni womntwana ofana ne-tadpole.
Ekupheleni kwe-trimester yokuqala, umntwana wakho ungaphezu kwama-intshi angu-3 ubude futhi unezingalo, imilenze, amehlo, inhliziyo eshaya, nokunye. Empeleni, zonke izitho zomntwana, imisipha, izitho, ngisho nezitho zangasese ziyamelwa. (Ngeke ufunde ukuthi ubulili bomntwana wakho buyini, nokho, kuze kufike isonto lesi-20.)
Izinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi nezokuchama zomntwana wakho ziyasebenza; uhlaka lwamathambo omntwana luqala inqubo yokufaka i-calcium kancane kancane; umongo wamathambo abo ukhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, futhi izintambo zezwi zomntwana wakho ziyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Amathiphu Asebenzayo
- Qala ukubheka umhlinzeki wezempilo. Uma ungakakwenzi kakade, sebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuze uqale ukubheka umehluko phakathi kwe-OB/GYN nababelethisi futhi ucele abangani nomndeni ukuba banikeze izincomo. Uma usukhethe uchwepheshe, ungalindela ukuba ubabone njalo emavikini amane kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-trimester yakho yesibili. (Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvakasha kwakho kwanda ngokushesha.)
- Ungalungiseleli i-ultrasound okwamanje. Ngenkathi ungase ubheke phambili ekuboneni isithombe se-sonogram somntwana wakho okhulayo phakathi kwe-trimester yakho yokuqala, ungase ungakwazi. Kubantu abaningi abakhulelwe, i-ultrasound ye-first-trimester ayibhekwa njengebalulekile, ngakho-ke ungase ungaboni isithombe somntwana wakho ozozalwa kuze kube se-trimester yakho yesibili. Qiniseka, uma konke kuhamba kahle, umntwana wakho ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu manje.
I-Second Trimester (Amaviki 14 kuya ku-27)
Kubazali abaningi abazoba abazali, i-trimester emaphakathi ibhekwa njengelula kakhulu. Isizathu: I-placenta yakho esanda kwakheka ikhiqiza i-progesterone eningi, i-hormone edingekayo ukuze igcine uhlaka lwakho lwesibeletho lunobungane nomntwana.
Izimpawu
Lokhu kukhula kwe-progesterone kuhambisana nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwe-hCG ebanga izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, ungase uzizwe njengangaphambi kokukhulelwa kwakho futhi, ujabulele ukwanda kwamandla nesifiso sokudla.
Kungakhathaliseki isifiso sakho sokudla, abantu abaningi bangalindela ukukhuluphala ngephawundi elilodwa ngesonto phakathi ne-trimester yesibili, okwenza ukukhuluphala okuphelele kube ngamaphawundi angu-12 kuya ku-14 ekupheleni kwesonto lesi-27.
I-trimester yesibili ibhekwa njengelula kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwe-progesterone okudala ukwanda kwamandla nesifiso sokudla.
Okulindelekile
Iyiqiniso ukuthi i-trimester yakho yesibili kungenzeka ikwenza uzizwe ungcono kuneyokuqala, kodwa ayinawo ngqo izimpawu. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba i-trimester yakho isondela ekugcineni, ungase uqale ukuzwa ukusikwa kwesibeletho kokuzijwayeza, okubizwa nge-Braxton Hicks. Ama-hormone ayaqhubeka nokugeleza, futhi umntwana wakho ukhula kancane kancane, ethatha isikhala esiningi (futhi aphoqelele umzimba wakho ukuba uvumelane). Nakuba ukukhulelwa komuntu ngamunye kuhlukile, nansi eminye imiphumela engemihle yokukhulelwa ongase ubhekane nayo phakathi ne-trimester yakho yesibili:
- Ukuchama njalo
- Ubuhlungu emhlane; ubuhlungu be-sciatic nerve
- Umcindezelo wegazi ophansi
- Izinhlungu emilenzeni
- Ubuhlungu be-round ligament (Lokhu kuhlanganisa izintambo ezilula kusuka phezulu kwesibeletho sakho kuya ezinhlangothini ezimbili ze-pelvis yakho.)
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
Nakuba kungabuhlungu, ungase uqaphele nezintambo ze-varicose nezinguquko esikhumbeni, njengokukhula kwamamole nezimpawu zokudonsa.
Ukukhula Kosana Lwakho
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzizwa kanjani, okuningi kwenzeka kumntwana wakho ngalesi sikhathi. Baqala i-trimester yakho yesibili ngesisindo esingaphezu kwe-ounce elilodwa futhi bayigcine ngamakhilogremu angu-2¼. Umntwana wakho uzophinde akhule ngaphezu kwama-intshi angu-10, alinganiswe ama-intshi angu-13¾ ubude ekupheleni kwale trimester.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, isibindi somntwana wakho, isibindi, kanye ne-thyroid zonke ziqala ukwenza imisebenzi yazo efanele. Ubuchopho bomntwana nezindawo zokuphela kwezinzwa zivuthiwe ngokwanele ukuze zikwazi ukuzwa ukuthinta. Iskeleton sabo esithambile nesiguquguqukayo siqala ukwenza i-ossify, noma ukuqina.
Cishe ngesonto lesi-22, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuncane kungazwakala uma umlingani wakho ebeka indlebe yakhe esiswini sakho—mhlawumbe nokukhefuzela, futhi—njengoba umntwana wakho ematasa egwinya ulwelo lwe-amniotic manje.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lokuzwa lomntwana lukhulu ngokwanele ukuze lukwazi ukuzwa nawe.
Cishe phakathi ne-trimester yakho yesibili, uzozwa izikhathi eziningi ezibalulekile. Uqweqwe lwakho lwesisu obululindele cishe luzobonakala kwabanye cishe ngesonto lesi-20. (Izingubo zabakhulelwe manje ziyasebenza ngokugcwele.)
Ngaleso sikhathi, uzoqala ukuzwa ukunyakaza kokuqala komntwana wakho. (Ungase ubonise—futhi uzwe ukunyakaza—emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambili uma lo kungesiye umntwana wakho wokuqala.) Cishe ngesonto le-18 kuya kunesonto lama-20, uzokhetha ukufunda ubulili bomntwana wakho, lapho izitho zangasese zomntwana ziba khona esithombeni se-ultrasound.
Ekupheleni kwe-trimester yakho yesibili, umntwana wakho ufana kakhulu nomuntu ozohlangana naye ngesonto lesi-40, nakuba emncane kakhulu futhi eshwabene. Amehlo nezindlebe zomntwana ziyafika endaweni yazo ehlosiwe futhi izingalo nemilenze yakhe manje kulingana nomzimba wonke. Futhi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, uzokwazi ukubona umntwana wakho kule trimester, ngenxa ye-ultrasound ethathwe cishe ngesonto lesi-20.
Amathiphu Asebenzayo
- Yabelana ngezindaba. Ithuba lakho lokukhipha isisu lehle phakathi kwe-1% ne-5% ku-trimester yesibili, ngokusho kwe-March of Dimes. Ngolwazi olunjalo, abazali abazoba abazali abaningi manje banquma ukwabelana ngezindaba zabo ezinkulu nomphakathi obanzi.
- Hlela kusengaphambili. Nakuba isonto lama-40 libonakala likude, manje yisikhathi sokubhukha isifundo sokubeletha futhi uqale ukucabanga ngendlela yokunakekela izingane kanye nelivu yakho yokuba umzali, uma usebenza ngaphandle kwekhaya. Usondela nasethubeni lakho lokugcina lokuhamba, ngokukhululeka nangemvume yochwepheshe wakho.
I-Trimester Yesithathu (Amaviki 28 kuya ku-40)
Ngenkathi ungase ukhulelwe kuyo yonke i-trimester yesithathu, iningi labazali abakhulelwe lingena ekubelethweni phakathi kwesonto lesi-37 nesonto lesi-39, kanti abanye baya ngaphambili noma ngasekupheleni kwamasonto angu-42. Cishe ingxenye yezinkulelwa zamahlazo zibeletha ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37. I-trimester yesithathu ingase ibe nzima kakhulu njengoba ujwayela izinguquko ezingokomzwelo zokubeletha nokuba umzali.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzowela kumuphi umkhakha, isisindo sangempela somntwana wakho kanye nomthwalo ongokomzwelo wokubeletha kwakho okuseduze kanye nendima eguqukayo yenza lesi sigaba sokugcina sokukhulelwa sibe esinzima kakhulu ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo.
Izimpawu
Ekuqaleni kwe-trimester yakho yesithathu, kungenzeka ukuthi usukhuluphele phakathi kwamaphawundi angu-17 nama-24. Lokhu kukhuluphala okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Bese, cishe ngesonto lesi-37, isisindo sakho sonke kungenzeka sihlale singaguquki phakathi kwamaphawundi angu-25 nama-35.
Ukwanda kwesisindo sonke, kanye neqiniso lokuthi isisu sakho sidonsela umgogodla wakho phambili, kungakhulisa ubuhlungu emhlane. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isibeletho sakho esigcwele nesikhulayo sicindezela ngaphakathi esiswini sakho, okungenzeka kubangele ama-hemorrhoids.
Isibeletho sakho kungenzeka futhi sicindezela i-diaphragm yakho, sivimbela ukuphefumula futhi sikhulise i-heartburn. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphaphu akho namathumbu nawo ashintshe izindawo ukuze avumelane nomntwana wakho okhulayo.
Okulindelekile
- Ukuma okusha kosana. Konke lokhu kungabangela izinhlungu, izibazi, nokulala okuphazamisekile. Nokho, phakathi kwe-trimester yakho yokugcina, ungase uzwe ukukhululeka ngokukhanyisa, igama elisetshenziselwa lapho umntwana wakho ehla uye ngaphansi emgudwini wokubeletha. Ng жаль, ukwehla komntwana bese kwandisa ingcindezi esinyeni sakho.
- Izinguquko zomzimba ezincane. Njengoba usondela kakhulu osukwini lokubeletha, uzoqaphela izinguquko ezincane emzimbeni wakho. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkinga ze-Braxton Hicks zingase zenzeke kaningi manje. Futhi cishe ngesonto lama-31, amabele akho angase aqale ukuvuza into ephuzi efana nokhilimu noma into encane, enamanzi ebizwa nge-colostrum.7
- Izinguquko kuma-hormone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba wakho manje ukhiqiza i-hormone relaxin, elulaza izintambo namathambo e-pelvis yakho, evumela umntwana ukuba aphume kalula—futhi iphinde ibangele ukuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa kwasekugcineni. Amazinga akho e-estrogen ayanda ukuze athambise (efface) futhi avule (dilate) i-cervix yakho. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mucus plug yakho, ebilokhu ivikela i-cervix yakho kumabhaktheriya, iqala ukuncipha.
- Ukuvakasha okwengeziwe kudokotela. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobe ebheka kakhulu wena nomntwana wakho. Kuza i-trimester yesithathu, ama-aphoyintimenti angaphambi kokubeletha ashintsha kusuka kanye njalo emavikini amane kuya kabili ngenyanga. Bese, cishe ngesonto lesi-36, uzoqala ukubona udokotela wakho noma umbelethisi njalo ngesonto.
- Ukuphela okukhulu. Futhi, yiqiniso, ukuphela okukhulu kwe-trimester yesithathu ukubeletha nokulethwa. Uzokwazi ukuthi ukubeletha kuqala nini lapho uqala ukuzwa izinkinga zangempela.
Amathiphu Asebenzayo
Jabulela ubumnandi! Le trimester ingase ibe nzima kakhulu, kodwa futhi igcwele izikhathi ezijabulisayo. Lapho umlingani wakho ebeka isandla sakhe esiswini sakho, manje angazizwa umntwana wakho ehamba ngaphandle. Futhi kuningi okumele uzwe njengoba ukunyakaza komntwana sekuvame kakhulu manje. Ngokushesha, uzokwazi ukubona ukukhahlela nokugqashula komntwana esiswini sakho, futhi. Kubazali abaningi abazoba abazali, yilapho ishawana lilungiswa, igumbi lokulala lomntwana lilungiswa, futhi ukwakha indawo yokulala kuqala.
Ukukhula Kosana Lwakho
Ngenkathi udlula kuzo zonke lezi zinguquko ezinkulu ezihola osukwini lokubeletha, nomntwana wakho wenza okufanayo. Lesi yisikhathi sokukhula okusheshayo nokuthuthuka kokuqeda. Umntwana wakho uzokhuluphala cishe amakhilogremu angu-5 emavikini angu-12 akha le trimester yokugcina, eqala ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-2 futhi ezelwe cishe ngamakhilogremu angu-7.
Kuze kube yi-trimester yesithathu, ubuso bobuchopho bomntwana wakho babebushelelezi kakhulu. Manje, ngenxa yezicubu zobuchopho ezikhulayo, bugcwele imigodi nemifanekiso. Futhi buyaqhubeka nokukhula kuyo yonke le trimester, bukhula ngengxenye yesithathu phakathi kwesonto lesi-35 nesonto lesi-39.
Amaphaphu nesibindi somntwana nakho kukhula kancane kancane phakathi kwalawa masonto akamuva. Njengoba ubuchopho, isibindi, namaphaphu kudinga isonto elilodwa ukuze akhule, umntwana ubhekwa "njengosekuqaleni kwesikhathi" uma ezalwa phakathi kwesonto lesi-37 nesonto lesi-38.
Ekugcineni, amathambo omntwana akhiwe ngokuphelele, kodwa amapuleti ekhanda lomntwana ahlala ebumbeka ukuze umntwana wakho adlule emgudwini wokubeletha kalula. Ngesonto lesi-39, umntwana wakho ngeke akulungele ngokwengeziwe ukubeletha. Kunalokho, basebenzisa lesi sikhathi ukuzibeka endaweni efanele yokubeletha.
Ukubeletha Nokulethwa
Uma konke kuhamba kahle, uzobeletha cishe ngamaviki angu-40, nakuba abazali abaningi abakhulelwe benza kanjalo ngaphambi noma ngemuva. Ukulethwa kwakho kungalandela uhlelo lwakho lokubeletha ngokucophelela noma kubukeke kuhluke ngokuphelele kunalokho obukucabanga, mhlawumbe, kuphetha ngokuhlinzwa lapho ubuhlose ukubeletha ngendlela yemvelo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, umzimba wakho (uma kungewona umqondo wakho) ubulungiselela lesi sikhathi phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakho. Thola induduzo yokuthi ukhethe umhlinzeki wezempilo ongasethemba, usekele ithimba lakho losekelo, futhi udlulise izifiso zakho zokuphatha ubuhlungu nokunye.
Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngamaviki okugcina okukhulelwa kulo mhlahlandlela kungakusiza ukuba uqonde kangcono izimo zokubeletha nokulethwa okuhlukahlukene nokuthi yini ongayilindela, phakathi nangemuva.
Lolu suku lungase lubonakale lude kakhulu, kodwa luzofika ngaphambi kokuba wazi. Futhi lokho okungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi kwabonakala kuyindlela ende oyithathile ukuze ufike lapho kuzofaneleka konke.
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