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Uma ufuna izindlela zokwelapha zokudlala ze- autism , sabelana ngezinhlobo ezingu-4 ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha izingane ezine-autism, imidlalo yethu yokwelapha eyi-11 esiyintandokazi yezingane, kanye namathoyizi angu-8 okwelapha angcono kakhulu ezingane. nezidingo ezikhethekile ngezansi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthi sifinyelele kukho konke lokho, ake sibhekisise indlela yokwelapha yokudlala - kuyini, isebenza kanjani, futhi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha zokudlala ze-autism ezisebenza kahle kakhulu?
Iyini i-Play Therapy?
Izingane zisebenzisa ukudlala ukuze zifunde amakhono ahlukahlukene njengoba zikhula futhi zithuthuka. Ukuhileleka ekudlaleni okuvamile kuthuthukisa amakhono ashukumisayo nangokweqile, kukhuthaza ukusungula izinto, ukuxazulula izinkinga, namakhono okucabanga okuqonda kusiza ukwakha ukuzimela kwengane, kuthuthukise amakhono okuxhumana nabantu nolimi, futhi kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha. Ukudlala kungasiza nokuthuthukisa ukuzethemba kwengane, kwehlise imizwa yokukhathazeka, kuthuthukise ubuhlobo nontanga, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzithiba okufanele nokuzithiba.
Dlala ukwelashwa kuwuhlobo lokwelulekwa okuqondiswe ezinganeni, futhi njengoba igama libonisa, lisebenzisa ukudlala ukuze lixhumane nezingane ukuze lisize ekuvimbeleni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga nezinselele ezingokwengqondo nezenhlalo. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuxilonga noma ukucacisa imbangela yanoma yikuphi ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo ingane engase ikubonise, futhi ibasize basebenze ngokukhathazeka, ukuhlukumezeka, njll.
Isebenza Kanjani I-Play Therapy?
Ukwelashwa kwe-Play kusebenza ngokuvumela 'umdlalo wamahhala' noma izikhathi 'zokudlala okungahleliwe' lapho izingane ngokwemvelo zidalula ubuthakathaka bazo nezinkathazo zabo. Umelaphi wokudlala uzobuka ingane idlala ngamathoyizi okwelapha ahlukahlukene futhi aphawule noma yiziphi izingqikithi ezingase zibangelwe ukuhlukumezeka noma ukukhathazeka. Bangakwazi-ke ukuqondisa ingane emisebenzini yokwelapha ukuze bayisize ibhekane nanoma yiziphi izinkinga okungenzeka ibhekane nazo. Bangase futhi basebenzise indlela eqondisayo yokudlala ukwelapha ukuze basize izingane ziphinde zifunde noma ziguqule indlela yokuziphatha ekhathazayo ngolimi lokudlala okungokomfanekiso.
Imigomo yokudlala yokwelapha imayelana nokusiza izingane ukuthi zithole ukuqwashisa okukhulu ngemizwa yazo nokuzifundisa ukuthi zingaziveza kanjani ngezindlela ezinhle. Kungasiza izingane zilawule intukuthelo yazo, zithuthukise ukuzithiba kwazo, futhi zizisize zizinikeze amandla. Kungasiza futhi ukulawula ukwesaba, ukukhathazeka, nokucindezeleka, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono engane okuxazulula izinkinga.
Ingabe I-Play Therapy Yezingane Ezine-Autism Iyasebenza?
Yebo. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukuzibandakanya ekudlaleni ngokuhlukile kunontanga yazo ye-neurotypical. Bavame ukukhetha ukudlala okuzimele kanye/noma okuhambisanayo, bagxile emisebenzini ephindaphindwayo futhi balwele ukuhlonza nokuxhumana nalabo ababazungezile, okwenza ukwelapha ngokudlala kube ithuluzi elihle lokusiza abazali nabanakekeli ukuba bazibonele nengane ku-autism spectrum. Ngokugxila ezithakazelweni zabo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokuthatheka ngokweqile, amasu okwelapha okudlala e-autism aklanyelwe ukusiza ukukhipha ingane egobolondweni lakhe futhi ayisize ixhumane futhi ihlobanise kalula nabanye.
I-Play therapy yezingane i-autism imvamisa ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezi-2 zokwelapha zokudlala:
I-Non-Directive Play Therapy. Okuphinde kubizwe ngokuthi 'ukwelapha okugxilwa kwezingane', le ndlela yokungaphazamisi ivumela ingane ukuthi iveze imicabango nemizwa yayo ngokudlala ngaphandle kokufaka noma ukuqondiswa abanye. Umthwalo usemahlombe omelaphi ukuthi angene emhlabeni wengane futhi athole ukuqonda ngemicabango nemizwa yakhe, kanye nokuqonda kwawo umhlaba oyizungezile.
I-Directive Play Therapy. Abelaphi badlala indima enkulu kakhulu ekwelashweni okuqondisayo ngokuqalisa izinhlobo ezithile zokudlala, ukuqondisa kabusha izingxoxo, njll. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lungaba usizo ezinganeni eziku-autism spectrum ezibambeka ekuziphatheni okuphindaphindayo kanye/noma ezikuthola kunzima ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nabantu. nabanye, kodwa kungaba nzima ukugcina ukunaka kwengane isikhathi eside ngalolu hlobo lwendlela yokwenza.
4 Dlala Amaqhinga Okwelapha e-Autism
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamasu okwelapha okudlala e-autism angasetshenziswa, kodwa abelaphi bavame ukugxila ezinhlotsheni ezi-4 ezilandelayo zokwelapha zokudlala lapho besebenza nezingane ku-spectrum.
I-Floortime Therapy. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-Floortime Therapy idinga ukuthi umelaphi kanye/noma umzali ehlele phansi ukuze adlale nengane amahora angu-2-5 ngosuku. Lezi zikhathi eziholwa izingane zigxile emisebenzini ingane ezijabulelayo, futhi ziye zaboniswa zithuthukisa kakhulu ubudlelwano bomzali nengane kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo zithuthukisa ikhono lengane lokuhlanganyela ekudlaleni emuva naphambili kanye nokuthuthukisa inkimbinkimbi yayo, ezimbili- indlela yokuxhumana, ukucabanga ngokomzwelo, nokuzithiba. Ibhuku, I-Autism Ebandakanyayo nguStanley Greenspan iyisethulo esihle emicabangweni ngemuva kwe-Floortime Therapy.
DLALA Iphrojekthi. Yasungulwa nguDkt. Richard Soloman, i-PLAY Project (I-Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters) iwukungenelela okuthuthukayo okusekelwe ebufakazini kwemindeni enezingane ezincane ku-autism spectrum. Lolu hlelo lusekelwe kumbono we-DIR (Developmental, Individualized, Relationship-based) kaStanley Greenspan, MD kanye noSerena Weider, PhD, futhi ngokubonisana okuqeqeshiwe, lufundisa abazali amasu e-PLAY asebenzayo, ajabulisayo, nawusizo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana kwansuku zonke ingane yabo. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuzithiba kwengane, ukusondelana nabanye, ukuxhumana okubili, amakhono olimi ayinkimbinkimbi nezokuxhumana, kanye nokucabanga okungokomzwelo, futhi kuwukuncoma okukhulu ekwelashweni kwe-ABA. Thola okwengeziwe ngoDkt. Soloman kanye nendlela yakhe ye-PLAY Project njengoba ihlobene ne-autism ngencwadi yakhe I-Autism: Amandla Angaphakathi .
Amaqembu Okudlala Ahlanganisiwe. Aphinde abizwe ngokuthi ama-IPGs, Amaqembu Okudlala Adidiyelwe ahlukile emaqenjini amaningi endabuko amakhono omphakathi ngoba agxile ekudlaleni ngokubambisana nezingane ezine-neurotypical esikhundleni semisebenzi eqondiswe obelaphi nezinye izingane ku-autism spectrum. Isibonelo, iqembu le-IPG lingaba sengozini yezingane ezi-4 - ezi-2 ezine-autism, nezi-2 ngaphandle. Umqondo uwukuba izingane zihlangane izikhathi ezi-2 ngeviki enkathini yamasonto ayi-12, zizinikeze izindlela zokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle yazo, ukuxhumana, ukudlala sengathi, kanye namakhono okuzilawula.
Ukudlala Okuholwa Yingane. Ukwelapha ngokudlala okuqondisiwe kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezine-autism enzima kakhulu njengoba umzali/umelaphi edinga ukuthola indlela yokudonsa umdlandla wengane kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo esiza ukuyikhipha egobolondweni layo ukuze 'angabambeki' ekuphindaphindeni. ukuziphatha. Ngezinye izikhathi indlela evulekile, eholwa yingane iyona engcono kakhulu, futhi nakuba kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside ukubona ukuzuza okuphawulekayo ngokudlala okuholwa yingane, lolu hlobo lokwelapha lokudlala luye lwaboniswa ukuthuthukisa amakhono omphakathi nokuxhumana ezinganeni ezine-autism enzima.
10 Amathoyizi Angcono Kakhulu Wokudlala Ongatshala Kuwo
Uma ufuna amathoyizi okwelapha okudlala angcono kakhulu, cishe usuvele unenqwaba elele endlini yakho, iningi lazo elizosekela ngokwemvelo noma imaphi amasu okwelapha okudlala e-autism okhethe ukugxila kuwo. Khumbula ukuthi umgomo wakho uwukuxhumana nokuhlanganyela nengane yakho, ngakho zama ukugxila kumathoyizi ingane yakho ewajabulelayo. Amathoyizi 'Enza sengathi uyadlala' ayinketho enhle njengoba ekuvumela ukuthi uhlanganyele nengane yakho ngokwemvelo. Njengoba udlala, ungakwazi ukutshela ingane yakho amagama ezinto ezahlukene bese uyicela ukuthi iphindele kuwe, ubuze imibuzo mayelana namathoyizi, umdlalo wokulingisa, njll. Lezi zinhlobo zamathoyizi zinikeza izindlela zezingane zokuzijwayeza injini yazo emihle. amakhono futhi bafunde ukudlala nontanga yabo, okubenza bawine. Nansi imibono eyi-10 okufanele icatshangelwe.
I-Fisher-Price Chatter Ucingo
Izingcingo zokuzenzisa ziyindlela enhle yokuxhumana nengane emuva naphambili, futhi izingane ezinqena ukuhlanganyela ekudlaleni kokwelapha kanye/noma ezinobunzima bokuveza imizwa yazo ngokuvamile zenza kangcono uma isixhaso sethulwa esimisweni. Ukukhuluma ocingweni kunokukhuluma ubuso nobuso kungasiza ekususeni imigoqo futhi kwenze ingane ikhululeke kakhudlwana.
Onodoli Bezingane
Ukuthi ukhetha i-a unodoli wengane oyisisekelo, i-classic Iklabishi Patch Kid, noma splurge on Unodoli Wentombazane waseMelika, ukudlala ngonodoli kungafundisa izingane izinto eziningi! Kusukela ekufundeni (nokuphindaphinda) izingxenye ezahlukene zemizimba yethu ukufundisa umbuzo othi-WH (Amehlo akhe anemibala enjani? Kufanele adle nini isidlo sasemini? Ukhalelani?), kuya ekufundiseni amakhono abalulekile empilo (ukugqoka/ukukhumula, ukuphakela, ukugeza , njll.), onodoli banikeza uhlobo oluhle lokudlala oluqondiswe kumakhono amaningi ahlukene.
I-Playset yasekhishini
Enye indlela enhle yokwenza izingane zijwayelane namakhono azo okuxhumana nolimi iwukusebenzisa ikhishi lokuzenzisa (noma uma ungenayo indawo endlini yakho yesethi yonke yokudlala yasekhishini, iqoqo lokudla okuzenzisa izosebenza futhi). Zijwayeze ukusho amagama ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla ndawonye, yenza ukudla okuzenzisa futhi nihlanganyele 'engxoxweni yesikhathi sakusihlwa', futhi ubuze ukuthi izinto ezithile kufanele zigcinwe kuphi ukuze wenze ingane yakho ikhulume.
Izinsiza Zokufunda Ukusiza I-Hands Fine Motor Toolset
Lesi sethi yamathuluzi sinikeza izindlela eziningi ezijabulisayo zokusiza izingane ezincane ukuba zithuthukise imisipha yeminwe nezandla ezidingekayo ukuze zithuthukise amakhono afanele okubhala ngesandla. Misa iziteshi zezinzwa ezihlukene ukuze zikwazi ukuzijwayeza uku-twezing, uku-scooping, ukukhama, nokukhithiza izinto ezihlukene noketshezi!
U-Yoovi Funda Ukugqoka Amabhodi
Fundisa ingane yakho ukuthi uwafake kanjani amaziphu, izinkinobho zezinkinobho, ama-snap snap, amaleyisi futhi abophe izicathulo, njll. ngalawa mabhodi okuzijwayeza alula, amancane, naphathekayo.
UMelissa kanye noDoug Wooden Alphabet Lacing Cards
Amathoyizi angcono kakhulu okwelapha okudlala yilawo anikeza amathuba okusebenza ngamakhono amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi lokhu okusethwe uMelissa noDoug kwenza lokho kanye. Ngenkathi usebenza ngamakhono amahle enjini kanye nesandla neso lengane yakho, ungaphinde uhlanganyele naye futhi umfundise ukuqaphela incwadi futhi usebenzele amakhono akhe esilulumagama, wenze leli thoyizi libe yimpumelelo!
I-ALEX Toys Active Play Monkey Balance Board
Uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokulinganisela nokusebenzisana, leli ithoyizi lokudlala elijabulisayo ongalizama. Ungayisebenzisa ngaphandle noma ngaphakathi, okwenza kube indlela enhle yokuthi izingane zikhiphe umusi ngezinsuku zesimo sezulu esibi, futhi ingamelana no-200 lbs, ukuze nishintshane ngokubonisa amakhono enu okulinganisa njengomndeni. Uma ingane yakho isikwazi ubhalansi ebhodini, thola ezinye izindlela zokufaka lokhu ekudlaleni kwayo ukuze usize ngokuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa amakhono ayo okunyakaza. Isibonelo, ungase ube nebhalansi yakhe ebhodini ngenkathi udlala umdlalo wokubamba.
I-Kidoozie Foam Pogo Jumper
Ama-Pogo jumpers angenye indlela yokukhuthaza ukudlala okusebenzayo ezinganeni ezincane, futhi anenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa ukusebenzelana neso lesandla kanye nobuciko kuyilapho futhi eqinisa imisipha ewumongo. Ngithanda le pogo jumper ikakhulukazi njengoba ingasetshenziswa endlini, ivumele izingane ukuthi zithole amandla ngezinsuku kubanda kakhulu noma ezimanzi kakhulu ukuphuma ngaphandle.
I-Playdoh
I-Playdoh inikeza indlela enhle yokuthuthukisa nokuqinisa imisipha edingekayo ekubhaleni ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo ithuthukisa amakhono okusika isikelo sengane. I Isethi ye-Playdoh Crazy Cuts kuyinto ejabulisayo ukuqala ngayo njengoba izingane zizojabulela ukuxuba imibala ehlukene ye-playdoh ndawonye ukuze zenze izinwele zezinwele ezihlukene, futhi zingasebenzisa ipheya. playdoh sikelo ukusika kanye nesitayela ngokugculiseka kwenhliziyo yabo.
Ama-Aquabeads
Uma ufuna amathoyizi okwelapha akhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezinhle ezinganeni ezindala, i-Aquabeads iyindlela enhle. Izingane zisebenza ngama-tweezers amancane ukuze zicoshe ubuhlalu obuncane futhi zenze indalo ehlukahlukene, zinikeze amahora angapheli okuzijabulisa ezingawajabulela nezingane zakubo, abangani, noma abazali, noma ngisho zizodwa.
9 Imidlalo Yokwelapha Yezingane
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhethe ukugxila endleleni yokwelapha yokudlala eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-autism, noma ufuna nje imidlalo ethile yokwelapha ongayisebenzisa ekhaya nengane yakho, zama ukuthi ungavali ucingo kakhulu OHLOBOLWENI lwemidlalo otshala kuyo imali. Nakuba i-inthanethi igcwele iziphakamiso mayelana nemidlalo yokwelapha yezingane, umgomo wakho oyinhloko ukuthola indlela yokuxhumana nokuxhumana nengane yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuwelela emhlabeni wayo futhi uthole izindlela zokuyisiza ithuthukise noma yimiphi imigomo onayo. Ibeke phambili. Kukhona amathani emidlalo etholakalayo ephindwe kabili njengemidlalo yokwelapha emangalisayo yezingane, futhi sabelana ngemibono engu-11 ngezansi ehlinzeka ngezindlela zokudlala nokuxhumana nengane yakho kuyilapho ngokwemvelo iyisiza ukuthi isebenze futhi ithuthukise amanye amakhono.
Izinsiza Zokufunda I-Crocodile Hop Floor Game
Lona umdlalo omnandi kakhulu obhekana namakhono amaningi ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kusukela kumbala, umumo, nokubonwa kwenombolo, ukuya ekuxazululeni izinkinga kanye namakhono aphelele ezimoto, lo mdlalo uzosiza ingane yakho ikhiphe umusi ngenkathi iziqeqeshela amakhono ayo ngendlela ejabulisayo neqondile.
UMelissa noDoug Turtle Target Action Game
Uma ingane yakho idonsa kanzima ngokubambisana neso, lo mdlalo wokwelapha ophefumulelwe wesikhwama sikabhontshisi unikeza indlela enhle yokuzijwayeza ikhono layo lokujikijela. Qala kancane ngokuzijwayeza ukuphonsa kwamahhala, bese uyisa 'ufudu' kude futhi ucele ingane yakho ukuthi iphonse iphoseji ethile.
Umdlalo weBeats wePaddle Ball Game
Zijwayeze ukujikijela, ukubamba, nokugxuma kanye nengane yakho ngalo mdlalo wokwelapha webhola we-trampoline omnandi kakhulu! Lona umsebenzi omkhulu we-gross motor ozowujabulela wonke umndeni, futhi uphinda kabili njengendlela enhle yokuthuthukisa ukusebenzelana kwesandla neso lengane.
Izinsiza Zokufunda Ama-Cubes Engxoxo
Ngabaqalisi bengxoxo abangu-36 ongakhetha kuzo, lawa maCube Engxoxo anikeza indlela ejabulisayo yokuthi izingane ezindala zizijwayeze ukuqala nokugcina izingxoxo nabanye. Ungakwazi ukuzilolonga ekhaya, noma umise amaqembu ezingxoxo endaweni yekilasi, unikeze izingane ithuba lokuzijwayeza ukuthi zingayiqala kanjani ingxoxo, nokuthi zilalela kanjani lapho abanye bekhuluma.
Konke Ngawe Thumball
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uziqeqeshela amakhono okuxhumana nabantu ekhaya, noma ubambe iqembu lomphakathi lengane yakho, ibhola elithi All About You likunikeza indlela enhle yokuqeda iqhwa, ukufundisa izingane iziqalisi zezingxoxo zomphakathi ezifanele, futhi uzenze zikhulume.
I-Osmo Genius Kit
Nakuba ngingeyena ngempela ongancoma imidlalo yokwelapha nge-elekthronikhi yezingane, uhlelo lwe-Osmo luyithathe ngempela inhliziyo yami. Ifundisa imiqondo eminingi ebalulekile, njengezinhlamvu nezinombolo, ngendlela ejabulisayo nenobuchule, futhi uma ufuna imisebenzi yemoto ebonakalayo efundisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, igeyimu ye-Tangram ingenye yezintandokazi zami ngokuphelele!
USimon uthi
Nakuba indlela yendabuko ka-Simon ithi, lapho izingane zilandela ngenkuthalo ukunyakaza kwezimoto ezimbi ('uSimon uthi yima ngomlenze owodwa', 'uSimon uthi yenza ojeke aba-3', 'uSimon uthi gxuma njengonogwaja', njll.) ikhethwa , inguqulo ye-elekthronikhi kaSimon ithi futhi kuwumdlalo wokwelapha onenzuzo uma ufuna okuthile eningakwenza ndawonye nengane yakho. Kudinga ukuthi izingane zilandele izikhombisi-ndlela futhi zinake ukulandelana, futhi ngiyathanda ukuthi inikeza indlela yokusiza izingane ezizwelayo ukuthi zibekezelele umsindo.
Ukuphazamiseka
Lo mdlalo unezingxenye ezilinganayo ezihlekisayo futhi uyafundisa futhi ungajatshulelwa ekilasini noma njengomndeni. Abadlali bayashintshana ngokudweba amakhadi ezinombolo futhi kufanele bakhumbule ukulandelana okukhulayo kwezinombolo kuze kube yilapho umdlali edonsa 'ikhadi lokuphazamisa'. Lo muntu kufanele aphendule umbuzo owubulima ngaphambi kokusho ukulandelana kwezinombolo ngokulandelana ncamashi ezidwetshiwe. Kumnandi kakhulu futhi kungomunye wemidlalo yokwelapha engiyithandayo yezingane njengoba ngesikhathi esisodwa isiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono azo okuqonda ngendlela engasongeli.
Ukufiphala!
Iqondiswe ezinganeni ezindala, Blurt! Ingabe igeyimu ejabulisayo wonke umndeni ongabamba iqhaza kuyo, kodwa futhi iyindlela enhle yokufundisa izingane ukuzithiba. Isisekelo somdlalo silula - umuntu oyedwa ufunda incazelo, futhi umuntu ozosho igama elihambisanayo uyawina kuqala - futhi uma uhlela umdlalo ngendlela yokuthi abantu abangu-2 kuphela abadlala ngokumelene nomunye ngesikhathi, kuphoqa abanye. bomkhaya ukuba bazithibe njengoba begwema ukuklabalasa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usaqala ukuzifundisa ngamasu ahlukene okwelapha okudlala e-autism ukuze usize ingane yakho, noma ufuna amathoyizi okwelapha okudlala angcono kakhulu kanye nemidlalo yokwelapha yezingane ukusiza ukugcina izikhathi zakho zizintsha futhi ziheha, ngithemba lokhu. ukuqoqwa kwamathiphu nemibono kubonakala kuwusizo kuwe. Khumbula ukukhetha amathoyizi namageyimu athatha ukunaka kwengane yakho, futhi ungakhathazeki kancane ngamakhono okwakha nokuningi mayelana nokuxhumana nokuzijabulisa nengane yakho encane, futhi ngezinsuku ozizwa ungenathemba futhi ukhungathekile ngazo, khumbula ukuthi izinguquko azenzeki ngokuphazima kweso. Kudinga ukungaguquguquki, ukuzinikela, nokuzibophezela okuqhubekayo okuvela kubazali, abelaphi, kanye nothisha!
