I-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) yisimo esivamile sempilo yengqondo esithinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kuyisifo se-neurodevelopmental esibonakala ngokunganaki, ukushuba ngokweqile, kanye nokuthatheka. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukungena nokuphuma kwe-ADHD, okuhlanganisa izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.
Yini Ebangela I-ADHD?
Imbangela yangempela ye-ADHD ayaziwa, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi kungase kube inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo, imvelo, kanye nezici zemizwa. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi i-ADHD ijwayele ukusebenza emindenini, okukhombisa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nengxenye yofuzo kulesi sifo. Izici zemvelo ezinjengokuchayeka kubuthi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi nazo zixhunyaniswe ne-ADHD. Izici ze-neurological ezifana nokungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo sobuchopho nokusebenza kungase kube nomthelela ekuphazamisekeni.
Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-ADHD?
Izimpawu ze-ADHD zingahluka kuye ngomuntu kanye nohlobo lwe-ADHD abanalo. Izinhlobo ezintathu ze-ADHD ziwuhlobo lokunganaki ikakhulukazi, uhlobo olunamandla kakhulu, kanye nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-ADHD zihlanganisa:
- Ukunganaki: ubunzima bokunaka, ukuphazamiseka kalula, ukukhohlwa izinto, nokungahlelekile.
- I-hyperactivity: ukungahlaliseki ngokweqile, ukudlikiza, ukukhuluma ngokweqile, kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlala uthule.
- Impulsivity: ukwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga, ukuphazamisa abanye, kanye nokufaka ubungozi.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD
Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele okwenziwa uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa inhlolokhono yomtholampilo nomuntu ngamunye namalungu omndeni wakhe, kanye nezilinganiso zokuziphatha nokunye ukuhlola. Ukuhlola kuzocabangela izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, umlando wezokwelapha, nanoma yiziphi izimo ezikhona.
Izinketho Zokwelashwa ze-ADHD
I-ADHD ingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngenhlanganisela yemithi nokwelashwa kokuziphatha. Imithi evuselelayo efana no-Ritalin ne-Adderall ivame ukunikezwa ukusiza abantu abane-ADHD bathuthukise ukugxila kwabo futhi balawule ukuthatheka kwabo. Ukwelapha ngokuziphatha, okufana nokwelashwa kwengqondo-yokuziphatha (CBT), kungasiza abantu abane-ADHD bafunde amakhono okubhekana nesimo, baphathe izimpawu zabo, futhi bathuthukise ubudlelwano babo.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingezona ezokwelashwa ze-ADHD zihlanganisa:
- Ukuzivocavoca nokuzivocavoca umzimba: ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugxila futhi kunciphise ukuxakeka.
- Ukudla nokudla okunomsoco: ukudla okunempilo okunamaprotheni amaningi, izithelo, nemifino kungasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu ze-ADHD.
- Ukuqaphela nokuzindla: ukuzijwayeza ukuqaphela nokuzindla kungasiza abantu abane-ADHD balawule izimpawu zabo futhi bathuthukise inhlalakahle yabo iyonke.
Isiphetho
I-ADHD yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanele, abantu abane-ADHD bangaphila izimpilo ezigculisayo neziphumelelayo. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lukachwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo uma wena noma othandekayo wakho ninezimpawu ze-ADHD.
