Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe nokukhubazeka ekufundeni, nansi indlela yokuqalisa ukuhlela.
Nakuba izingane eziningi zingase zibe nzima ngomsebenzi wesikole kuyo yonke imisebenzi yazo yezemfundo, kuvame ukuba nzima ukwazi ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhubazeka kokufunda. Akukho ukuziphatha okukodwa noma ubunzima bokufunda obulingana nokuxilongwa kanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda kungathinta izindawo okungezona ezemfundo zempilo yengane yakho, futhi. Khona-ke, kwenzekani uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe nokukhubazeka? Othisha nochwepheshe babelane ngemicabango yabo yokuthi ungayenza kanjani ingane yakho ihlolelwe ukukhubazeka ekufundeni kanye ungameseka kanjani ngokwemfundo  nasemizamweni yansuku zonke.
Izimpawu Zokukhubazeka Ukufunda
Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kungavezwa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, kusho u-Colin Montgomery, uthisha womndeni e-INCLUDEnyc futhi owayenguthisha wezemfundo ekhethekile. Ukukhubazeka kokufunda kumane kuwukuphazamiseka kwenqubo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezisetshenziswa izingane ekuqondeni nasekusebenziseni ulimi, futhi zingaziveza ngokufunda, ukubhala, noma izibalo, ngokoMthetho Wezemfundo Yabantu Abakhubazekile. Kungase futhi kungabi namazwi noma kubukeke njengendaba yokunaka ngoba ingane yakho inenkinga yokucubungula kokuzwa.
Izinkinga eziningi ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yokukhubazeka kokufunda zenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuthi ingane yakho inayo yini. Phela, kuvamile ukuthi izingane zibe nenkinga ngamayunithi athile ekilasini lesayensi noma zinqabe ukwenza umsebenzi wazo wesikole. Ngezinye izikhathi, udinga ukukuxaka ukuze ubone ukuthi ukukhubazeka kokufunda kuyimbangela yini.
“Ngaphakathi ekilasini ubona izingane zidonsa kanzima. Bese ubabona befika ekhaya futhi bengajabule ngokwenza umsebenzi wabo wesikole,” kusho uCassie Reilly, umdidiyeli woguquko eNorthport High School. “Umsebenzi wesikole wasekhaya unikeza abazali ithuba lokubona ukuthi izingane ziyakwazi yini ukusebenzisa amakhono eziwafunda esikoleni, ekhaya ngokuzimela. Futhi uma bengakwazi, lokho kuwuphawu lokufinyelela kuthisha.”
Olunye uphawu lokukhubazeka ekufundeni, uReilly uthi, kungaba ukuthi ingane yakho izama kanzima ukuthola okuthile okulungile kodwa ayithuthuki. Uma uzwa ukuthi “idinga ukusebenzela okwengeziwe kulokho okungenzeka” noma “ungazami kanzima ngokwanele” kuthisha wengane yakho, lokho kuyisixwayiso.
Ngokungafani nezingane ezinokukhubazeka kwengqondo, izingane ezinokukhubazeka ekufundeni zivame ukuba nama-IQ aphakathi noma angaphezu kwesilinganiso amamaki azo angawabonisi. Uma amakhono engqondo engane yakho engahambisani nekhono layo lokwenza umsebenzi wesikole, lokho ifulegi elibomvu, kusho u-Erica Maltz, umsunguli kanye no-CEO we-WhizKidz Tutoring LLC e-Westchester futhi owayenguthisha. Ukusebenza kabi kwesikhulu kungase kubandakanye nokukhubazeka kokufunda.
"Uma uzwa ngothisha ukuthi ingane yakho ayihlelekile, ayisebenzi, ayiqedi izabelo ... kungase kube uphawu lwezinkinga zokufunda," kusho uMaltz.
Kungaba Okuthile Ngaphandle Kokukhubazeka Kokufunda?
“Ngabanye abafundi, ungase ucabange ukuthi ukukhubazeka kokufunda, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi basuka kwesinye isikole noma isifunda esiseNew York, noma kwesinye isifunda, futhi babengenamfundo enhle [ngaphambili],” kusho uMontgomery. “[Izindaba zokufunda] zingase zibe umsebenzi wokuba umfundi okhuluma izilimi eziningi, noma umfundi akazange anikezwe imfundo efanele esikhathini esidlule.”
Ukushintsha phakathi kwamabanga kungase kubangele izinselele kwabanye abafundi, kusho uReilly, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukukhathazeka kuwukukhathazeka nje. Abazali nothisha kudingeka bacabangele isithombe esikhulu somntwana futhi bahlole amandla ayo emfundo nobuthakathaka ngomunye nomunye.
UHarold Levinson, MD, umqondisi we-Levinson Medical Center for Learning Disabilities in Great Neck, ubonisa ukuthi ezinye izimpawu zokukhubazeka ekufundeni kungase kuthiwe zibangelwa izinkinga zendlebe yangaphakathi nobuchopho—izinkinga ezingaxazululwa ngemithi. Uma ingane yakho ikuthola kunzima ukufunda kodwa futhi inezinkinga zenkumbulo nokukhuluma, ukulinganisela okungahlangani, ukugxilisa ingqondo okuphansi, amazinga aphezulu omsebenzi nokuthatheka, futhi yephuze ukuhamba nokukhuluma, ingase ibe nenkinga yendlebe yangaphakathi.
Kumele ngenzeni?
Uma uphelelwe ezinye izincazelo futhi usasola ukuthi unenkinga yokufunda, kufanele uqale inqubo yokuthola usizo. Nakuba abazali abaningi beqhubeka ngokuqondile nokwenza ukuthi ingane yabo ihlolelwe Uhlelo Lwezemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye, kunezinye izinketho okufanele zicatshangelwe kuqala. Isibonelo, izikole eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zokungenelela ezifana nosizo olwengeziwe ezifundweni ezithile izingane ezingabamba iqhaza kuzo ngaphandle kwe-IEP. Ukuqeda unyaka wezinhlelo ezengeziwe ezindaweni lapho edonsa kanzima khona kungase kwanele ukwenza ingane yakho isheshe.
UMontgomery uthi: “I-DOE [yeDolobha laseNew York] kufanele inikeze izinsiza ezisengozini [ebizwa ngokuthi I-Response to Intervention] kubafundi abasasele ngemuva ezifundweni,” kusho uMontgomery. thola i-IEP ngokuzenzakalelayo.” Eqinisweni, uMnyango Wezemfundo Wesifunda SaseNew York ugunyaza zonke izikole ukuthi zinikeze i-RTI, nakuba izifunda zinenkululeko yokuklama izinhlelo zazo inqobo nje uma zihlangabezana nemibandela yezwe eyisisekelo.
Izikole zibuye zihlole amazinga abafundi bezibalo nokufunda ekuqaleni konyaka. Uma ubukade ukhathazekile ngengane yakho, manje yisikhathi esihle sokubheka uthisha wayo futhi ubone ukuthi ithuthukile yini kusukela ngonyaka odlule. IDolobha, okuyisikhungo sezindaba esingenzi nzuzo, muva nje libike ukuthi izikole ezimbili zamabanga aphansi eBrooklyn zizosebenzisa ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwe-dyslexia okuzosiza ngethemba ukuthi kuhlonzwe izingane eziningi, kusenesikhathi.
Qala ngokukhuluma nothisha wengane yakho, uMaltz uthi, nabanye ochwepheshe abahilelekile ekuphileni kwengane yakho—ochwepheshe besikole, ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, nabafundisi. Futhi uma uthisha ethi ingane yakho iphilile, kodwa amathumbu akho ekutshela ukuthi akunjalo, kufanele uqhubeke nokuthola usizo. Elinye ithiphu? Uma ungakabi nayo, tholela ingane yakho umfundisi. Othisha abasebenza 1-on-1 nezingane basiza kakhulu mayelana namakhono nokuzethemba, uMaltz uthi, futhi ungakwazi njalo ukushintshela kumfundisi ogxile ekukhubazekeni okuthile kokufunda, uma kunesidingo, ngemva kokuhlolwa kwengane yakho.
Icela Ukuhlolwa Kohlelo Lwezemfundo Yomuntu Ngamunye
Uma ukungenelela kungayisizanga ingane yakho ukuthi ithuthuke, unelungelo lokucela usizo Ukuhlolwa kwe-IEP . Isici esikhulu ekuhlolweni okuyimpumelelo kanye Ukwakhiwa kwe-IEP  ukuxhumana.
“Izinto ezimbili abazali okufanele bacabange ngazo: ukumela nokwethemba,” kusho uMaltz. “I-IEP iyindlela enenzuzo kakhulu yokuthi abafundi bathole izinsiza abazidingayo ukuze bafunde ngempumelelo ekilasini. Futhi abazali kudingeka babambe iqhaza kuzo zonke izingxenye zenqubo. "
Inhloko yesifunda sakho yeKomidi Lezemfundo Eyisipesheli kufanele ibhalwe kusizindalwazi sesifunda sesikole. Faka isicelo sakho sokuba nomhlangano we-CSE obhalwe phansi. Cela ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwengane yakho—imfundo, ingqondo, inkulumo nolimi, kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi nokusebenza ngokomzimba, uma kunesidingo. Nakuba ungakwazi ukukhokhela ukuhlolwa kwangasese ngudokotela wezengqondo, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, noma udokotela wezinzwa, kubiza kakhulu futhi abahloli abaningi abawuthathi umshwalense, kusho uMaltz. Ngisho noma unquma ukuhlola ngasese, yenza ukuhlolwa kwesikole kwenziwe noma kunjalo. Kumahhala futhi ukuba nolwazi olwengeziwe kungasiza kuphela.
Lapho wenza ukuhlolwa, buza imibuzo. Yazi ukuthi ubani owenza izingxenye ezihlukene zokuhlola nokuthi kuzokwenzeka kuphi—ezinye izingane zizozuza ngokubona igumbi lokuhlola ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Futhi qiniseka njalo ukuthi ingane yakho ilale kahle ebusuku futhi ibe nesidlo sasekuseni esinempilo ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kusho uMaltz.
Kukho konke ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho nangale kwalokho, ikakhulukazi uma ihlukaniswa, hlala ungumsekeli kanye nomsekeli wakhe, kusho uMaltz. Mkhuthaze ukuthi abambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ekuqondeni ukukhubazeka kwakhe ekufundeni nasekuzimeleleni kwakhe. Abafundi abaningi basanda kuqala ukuhambela imihlangano yabo ye-IEP ne-CSE. Uma ingane yakho iqonda i-IEP yayo, ingabona lapho izindinganiso zingafinyelelwanga ekilasini.
“Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, futhi, ukuthi akuyena [wena] kanye nengane yakho enimelene 'nohlelo,'” kuqhubeka uMaltz. “Wonke umuntu ohlezi etafuleni [ngesikhathi somhlangano we-CSE] uyifunela okungcono kakhulu ingane yakho ukuze [yena] izoba ngumfundi ozimele esikhathini esizayo. Futhi uma ungena uzilungiselele, kuwumdlalo webhola ohlukile.”
Ukwandisa Uhlelo Lwemfundo Eyengayedwa Yengane Yakho
I-IEP yengane yakho kufanele iphendule futhi isekele, kusho u-Colin Montgomery, uthisha womndeni e-INCLUDEnyc. Uhlelo ngokuvamile luhlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: Amazinga Amanje Okusebenza adingida ukuma kwengane yakho ezifundweni zamanje, amandla nezindawo ezidinga umsebenzi, kanye nokuthuthuka kwezenhlalo nezomzimba. Ingxenye ethi Izinjongo Zonyaka Ezilinganisekayo iveza amakhono ingane yakho okudingeka yakhe phezu kwawo ukuze ifinyelele imigomo yayo. I-IEP kufanele futhi iqaphele lokhu okulandelayo:
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Indawo umfundi adonsa kanzima kuyo kanye nomgomo noma ukungenelela ukuze kumsize athuthuke kuleyo ndawo.
- Umndeni kufanele ube nokuqonda okucacile kokuthi ungakuqinisa kanjani ukwesekwa ekhaya.
- Ngokukhubazeka ekufundeni, othisha kufanele bahlukanise imiyalelo ibe yizinyathelo ezicacile, amathuluzi enhlangano, kanye nezinhla zokuhlola; beka phambili amakhono ayisisekelo abafundi abasalele kuwo [njengemisindo ekufundweni] kuyilapho behlinzeka ngosekelo kumazinga ebanga.
- Amathuluzi enhlangano, njengezibali eziyingcaca nohlu lokuhlola, angasiza abafundi ukuthi bafinyelele ikharikhulamu yezinga lebanga
- Ekubhaleni, othisha kufanele basebenzise izibonelo eziyimodeli namathuluzi asiza esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo yokubhala.
- Amakhono okusebenza aphezulu (nokuthi imaphi amathuluzi angasiza) kufanele kukhulunywe ngawo uma kuyinkinga enganeni yakho.
Khumbula ukuthi umgomo wakho uwukunikeza ingane yakho amakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke, hhayi nje ukumenza afike ezingeni lebanga, kusho uCassie Reilly, umxhumanisi wezinguquko eNorthport High School. Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi yini angayenza kanye nokumsiza afinyelele amakhono akhe.
Ibhalwe nguJacqueline Neber
Umthombo: https://www.nymetroparents.com/article/does-my-child-have-a-learning-disability
