Akukho okukulungiselelayo ukuba umzali a izidingo ezikhethekile kid . Hhayi izincwadi. Hhayi amawebhusayithi. Ngisho nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abazali. Futhi ngisho noma usuvele unengane eyodwa enezidingo ezikhethekile, ingane ngayinye entsha ihlukile futhi iyingqayizivele.
UMargaret Graham ungummeli e-Albuquerque, eNew Mexico, osebenza ngokukhethekile nemindeni enezidingo ezikhethekile - futhi onengane yakhe enezidingo ezikhethekile. "Akekho umuntu oma emnyango wesibhedlela uma uhamba, uthi, 'Kulungile, ingane yakho ine-Down syndrome, noma ingane yakho ine-cerebral palsy, nazi zonke izinto okumele uzenze manje, nazi izinhlaka, nazi. izinzuzo,'” kusho yena, “Cha, nguwe kuphela.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezidingo ezikhethekile
Amashumi amabili namashumi amabili
Enye indlela yokuhlola inani lezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile iwukubheka izikole zikahulumeni, ezidingwa umthetho ukuthi zinikeze imfundo yomphakathi yamahhala nefanelekile kuzo zonke izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile. Cishe u-14% kubo bonke abafundi bezikole zikahulumeni abaneminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-21 bathola izinsiza zemfundo ekhethekile - kodwa lokho akubaleli zonke izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile e-United States. (Abaningi baneminyaka engu-0 kuye kwengu-3; abanye bafundelwe ngasese.)
Phakathi kwalabo bantu kukhona izinhlobonhlobo zokukhubazeka.
Ngokuvamile, ungahlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezidingo ezikhethekile zibe izigaba ezine:
- Okomzimba - Okufana ne-muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, isifuba somoya esingalapheki, kanye nesifo sokuwa
- Okuthuthukisayo - Okufana ne-Down syndrome, i-autism , i-dyslexia, nokuphazamiseka kokucubungula
- Indlela Yokuziphatha/Engokomzwelo - Njenge-ADHD, i-bipolar disorder, noma i-oppositional defiance disorder
- I-Sensory Impaired - Okufana nokuba yimpumputhe, ukungaboni kahle, ukungezwa, noma ukungezwa kahle
Ngokusobala, kunomehluko phakathi kwengane ene-muscular dystrophy nene-ADHD, kodwa zombili lezo zingane zihlanganiswa yimithetho efanayo yenhlangano.
Ingabe zonke izidingo ezikhethekile ziyefana?
Ngamafuphi: cha. Ngisho nezingane ezinesifo esifanayo zinesipiliyoni esihlukene nezinselele ezahlukene.
"Abanye abantu banazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezenzekayo. Uma nginelungu lomndeni eline-cerebral palsy, ukubonakaliswa kwalokho kungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu," usho kanje.
I-Autism, nayo, ibonakala ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Futhi izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zivame ukuba nokugula okufanayo, njengendodakazi kaGraham, manje eneminyaka engu-18, enokukhubazeka kobuchopho kanye ne-autism.
“Ukuzama ukufaka abantu abanamakhono namakhono ahluke kakhulu endaweni eyodwa encane - akusebenzi kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi,” kusho uGraham.
Konke okufanayo ngaphansi komthetho
Nakuba ingane ngayinye kufanele icatshangelwe ngabanye, kusenesigaba esisodwa esikhulu ngaphansi komthetho. Ukuze kucace, ezinye izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile, ezingafanelekile ngaphansi kwe-Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), zizofaneleka ngaphansi kweSigaba 504 se-Rehabilitation Act, umthetho wamalungelo abantu.
“Mayelana nokufanelekela nokuthola izinzuzo, ukuhlaziya kuyefana,” kuchaza uGraham. “Kuya kumuntu, ingane, noma umuntu omdala osemncane nokuthi yini abangazenzela yona kanye nezinga lokunakekelwa abakudingayo. Icacisa iqiniso futhi iqondene nomuntu uqobo.”
Okufanele umzali ngamunye akwenze
Izingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zivikelwe ngaphansi komthetho wezwe nowezwe - lokho kunikezwe. Kodwa ukuzulazula ku-nuances yohlelo lwe-Medicaid yesifundazwe sakho, noma isifunda sesikole sendawo, akulula kangako. Inqubo ayisebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Izikhathi, izinzuzo, kanye namalungelo kungase kungabonakali.
Umthwalo-ke usekumzali.
“Abazali kudingeka baqonde hhayi kuphela lokho ingane yabo ekutholayo [ngokwezinkonzo'], kodwa lokho okufanele kwenziwe ngokomthetho,” kusho uGraham.
Kubaluleke kakhulu-ke ukuthi abazali bacwaninge ngomthetho futhi bazi amalungelo abo - okuyingxenye enzima, nalapho abameli abafana noGraham bengenela khona, kanye nezinhlaka ezahlukene zendawo nezikahulumeni.
“Uma unemibuzo, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna izimpendulo. Ungathathi u-cha njengempendulo, uma ingane yakho inelungelo lokuzuza,” kusho uGraham, owazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. “Abazali kudingeka babe nolaka ekufuneni izinzuzo nezinsiza zezingane zabo.”
Ukuzulazula ku-bureaucracy yemfundo yezidingo ezikhethekile kanye nezinzuzo zenhlangano kungazwakala kunzima. Kodwa abanye abazali, abameli, kanye nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo zingakusiza ekunciphiseni indlela yakho - ngisho nalapho bengahambanga ezicathulweni zakho.
UGraham uthi, “Awukwazi ukuyeka.”
Umthombo: https://mom.com/kids/different-types-of-special-needs
