Iyini I-Chickenpox?

Yiziphi Izimpawu Zokhukhumezana?

Izimpawu zokhukhumezana ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-21 ngemuva kokuchayeka egciwaneni. Uphawu lokuqala ngokuvamile wumkhuhlane, olulandelwa ukuqubuka okusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Ukuqubuka kuqala njengezinduna ezincane, ezibomvu eziba izilonda ezigcwele uketshezi. Izilonda zibe sezivuleka zenza izilonda, ezizochitheka ekugcineni.

Ukhukhumezana ngokuvamile luqala ngaphandle kokuqubuka okujwayelekile, ngomkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu, noma isisu esibuhlungu. Lezi zimpawu zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, nomkhuhlane ohlala phakathi kuka-101°–102°F (38.3°–38.8°C).

Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okubomvu, okuklazukayo ngokuvamile kuqala esiswini noma emhlane nasobuso. Bese kusakazeka cishe kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo zomzimba, kuhlanganise nekhanda, umlomo, izingalo, imilenze, nezitho zangasese.

Ukuqubuka kuqala njengezinduna eziningi ezincane ezibomvu ezibukeka njengezimila noma ukulunywa izinambuzane. Zivela ngamagagasi phezu kwezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4, bese ziba izilonda ezinodonga oluncane ezigcwele uketshezi. Izindonga zezilonda ziyaphuka, zishiya amanxeba avulekile, okugcina agqoka ukuze abe izilonda ezomile, ezinsundu.

Zonke izigaba ezintathu zokuqubuka kokhukhumezana (izinduna ezibomvu, izilonda, nezilonda) zivela emzimbeni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukuqubuka kungasakazeka kakhulu noma kube kubi kakhulu ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zamasosha omzimba noma izifo zesikhumba njenge-eczema.

Ukhukhumezana lungabangela ukungakhululeki nokuklazuka, kodwa ngokuvamile luqeda ngokwalo phakathi namasonto ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, lungaba lubi kakhulu kwezinye izimo. Izinkinga zingahlanganisa ukutheleleka kwamagciwane esikhumbeni, inyumoniya, kanye ne-encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho). Ukhukhumezana lungabangela izinkinga kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, njengabesifazane abakhulelwe, izinsana, nabantu abane-HIV.

Yini Ebangela Ukhukhumezana?

Ukhukhumezana lubangelwa igciwane le-varicella-zoster (VZV). Leli gciwane lingabangela futhi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba okubuhlungu okubizwa nge-shingles (herpes zoster) kamuva empilweni. Ngemuva kokuba umuntu ebe nokhukhumezana, igciwane lihlala lilele (liphumule) ohlelweni lwezinzwa impilo yakhe yonke. Igciwane lingaphinda lisebenze ("livuke") kamuva njenge-shingles.

Izingane ezibanjwe umgomo wokhukhumezana mancane amathuba okuba zibe ne-shingles lapho sezikhulile.

Ingabe Ukhukhumezana Luyathelelana?

Ukhukhumezana luyathelelana kakhulu. Iningi lezingane ezinomfowabo noma udadewabo onegciwane nazo zizoluthola (uma zingakaze zibe negciwane noma umgomo), zibonisa izimpawu cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuba ingane yokuqala yenze njalo.

Umuntu onokhukhumezana angasakaza igciwane:

• ngamaconsi emoyeni ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula
• kumfinyila wakhe, amathe (spit), noma uketshezi oluvela ezilondeni

Ukhukhumezana luyathelelana kusukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqubuka kuze kube yilapho zonke izilonda zigqoka.

Umuntu one-shingles angasakaza ukhukhumezana (kodwa hhayi i-shingles) kubantu abangakaze babe nokhukhumezana noma umgomo.

Ngoba ukhukhumezana luyathelelana kakhulu, ingane enalokho kufanele ihlale ekhaya iphumule kuze kube yilapho ukuqubuka kuphelile nazo zonke izilonda sezomile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto elingu-1. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ingane yakho isilungile yini ukubuyela esikoleni, buza udokotela wakho.

Yiziphi Izinkinga Ezingenzeka?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokhukhumezana, kuhlanganise:

• abesifazane abakhulelwe
• izinsana ezizalwe ngomama ababenokhukhumezana
• iziguli ezine-leukemia
• izingane ezithola imishanguzo ecindezela amasosha omzimba
• noma ubani onezinkinga zamasosha omzimba

Uma bechayeka kukhukhumezana, bangase banikezwe umgomo (i-zoster immune globulin) ukuze benze isifo singabi sibi kakhulu.

Ingabe Ukhukhumezana Lungavimbelwa?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukhukhumezana ukubanjwa umgomo. Umgomo wokhukhumezana yindlela ephephile nephumelelayo yokuvikela igciwane. Izingane kufanele zithole imithamo emibili yomgomo, umthamo wokuqala lapho zineminyaka engu-12 kuya kweyi-15, nomthamo wesibili lapho zineminyaka engu-4 kuya kweyi-6. Abantu abadala abangakaze babe nokhukhumezana noma umgomo nabo kufanele babanjwe umgomo.

Abantu abaneminyaka engu-6 nangaphezulu abangakaze babe nokhukhumezana futhi abangabanjwanga umgomo bangakwazi futhi kufanele bathole imithamo emibili yomgomo.

Izingane ezake zaba nokhukhumezana azidingi umgomo — ngokuvamile ziba nokuvikela impilo yonke kulesi sifo.

Ukhukhumezana Olutholwa Kanjani?

Odokotela ngokuvamile bangahlola ukhukhumezana ngokubuka ukuqubuka okukhombisayo.

Shayela udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inokhukhumezana. Udokotela angakuqondisa ekubukeni izinkinga nasekulandeleni imithi yokunciphisa ukuklaza.

Uma uyisa ingane yakho kudokotela, tshela abasebenzi kusenesikhathi ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ibe nokhukhumezana. Kubalulekile ukungachayeki ezinye izingane ehhovisi — kwabanye babo, ukutheleleka kokhukhumezana kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukhukhumezana Olwelashwa Kanjani?

I-virus ibangela ukhukhumezana, ngakho-ke ama-antibiotics awukwazi ukululapha. Kodwa ama-antibiotics ayadingeka uma amagciwane ethelela izilonda. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho izingane ziklaza futhi zikhetha izilonda.

Umgomo wokulwa namagciwane ungase unikezwe abantu abanokhukhumezana abasengozini yokuthola izinkinga. Lokhu kuncike ku:

• iminyaka nempilo yengane
• ubukhulu bokutheleleka
• isikhathi sokwelashwa

Uma wena noma ingane yakho enokhukhumezana, kubalulekile ukuhlala ekhaya futhi ugweme ukuthintana nabanye kuze kube yilapho zonke izilonda sezomile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto. Ungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zokhukhumezana ngokugeza ngamanzi apholile, usebenzisa i-calamine lotion, futhi ugweme ukuklaza izilonda. Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi umgomo ulungele yini ingane yakho.

Ngingayisiza Kanjani Ingane Yami Izizwe Ngcono?

Ukuze usize ukunciphisa ukuklaza nokungakhululeki kokhukhumezana:

• Sebenzisa iziponji ezimanzi ezipholile noma ugeze ngamanzi afudumele njalo emahoreni ama-3–4 ezinsukwini zokuqala. Imikhiqizo yokuchema nge-oatmeal, etholakala ezitolo ezinkulu nasezindaweni ezidayisa imithi, ingasiza ukunciphisa ukuklaza. (Ukuchama akusakazi ukuqubuka.)
• Hlikihla (ungakhuhli) umzimba ube wome.
• Faka i-calamine lotion ezindaweni eziklazukayo (kodwa ungayisebenzisi ebusweni, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo).
• Buza udokotela wakho noma umsebenzi wekhemisi mayelana namafutha okudambisa ubuhlungu okufanele uwafake ezilondeni endaweni yocansi.
• Buza udokotela mayelana nokusebenzisa imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi okufanele uyithathe ngomlomo ukuze ulwe nokuklaza.

Ukuze uvimbele ukuklaza:

• Faka amagilavu noma izikhindi ezandleni zengane yakho ukuze ugweme ukuklaza ngesikhathi sokulala. 
• Gunda izinzipho zakho futhi uzigcine zihlanzekile.

Uma ingane yakho inezilonda emlonyeni:

• Nikeza ukudla okubandayo, okuthambile, okungenashukela ngoba ukhukhumezana emlonyeni kungenza kube nzima ukuphuza noma ukudla. Gwema noma yini enosawoti noma enesawoti, njengejusi lewolintshi noma ama-pretzel.
• Nikeza ingane yakho i-acetaminophen ukuze isize ukudambisa ubuhlungu.

Ungalokothi nikeze i-aspirin izingane ezinokhukhumezana. Kungaholela esifweni esibi esibizwa nge-Reye syndrome.

Kufanele Ngimshayele Nini Udokotela?

Iningi lezifo zokhukhumezana azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izinkinga zingenzeka. Shayela udokotela uma ingane yakho:

• inomkhuhlane ohlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-4
• inokukhwehlela okukhulu noma inenkinga yokuphefumula
• inendawo yokuqubuka ephuma ubovu (uketshezi oluwugqinsi, oluphuzi) noma iba bomvu, ifudumale, ivuvukale, noma ibuhlungu
• inekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• ilele kakhulu noma inenkinga yokuvuka
• inenkinga yokubuka izibani ezikhanyayo
• inenkinga yokuhamba
• ibonakala ididekile
• iyahluleka
• ibonakala igula kakhulu
• inqamula entanyeni

Ukhukhumezana yisifo esivamile samagciwane esingabangela ukungakhululeki nezinkinga kwezinye izimo. Kodwa-ke, kungavimbelwa ngomgomo wokhukhumezana, futhi izimpawu zingalawulwa ngamakhambi asekhaya alula. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ithola izimpawu zokhukhumezana, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko.

Funda FUTHI: Kungani wena nengane yakho kufanele nibanjwe umgomo wokhukhumezana