Isifo senkakhimkhim, noma i-pertussis, siwuhlobo lokutheleleka kwamagciwane oludlulela ngokushesha olubeka izingozi ezinkulu ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa nasezinsaneni ezincane. Luhambisana nokukhwehlela okunamandla, lungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezinganeni, lapho amasosha omzimba asathuthuka. Ukuqonda inkakhimkhim, izimpawu zayo, nendlela yokuyivikela kubalulekile ukuze uvikele usana lwakho olusanda kuzalwa.
Yini Inkakhimkhim?
Inkakhimkhim ibangwa amagciwane e-Bordetella pertussis. Ibangwa ngamaconsi okuphefumula lapho umuntu osesimweni esibi ekhwehlela noma ethimula. Nakuba ingathinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa nezingane ezincane ziseyingozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu noma ngisho nokufa.
Leli gciwane lithola igama lalo "ngokukhala" okwenzeka lapho isiguli sizabalaza ukuphefumula ngemva kokukhwehlela kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, lokhu kukhala kwakudala kungase kungabi khona njalo.
Kungani Izinsana Ezisanda Kuzalwa Zisengozini?
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zisengozini enkulu yokuba nenkakhimkhim ngoba:
- Amasosha omzimba azo asengakavuthwa, okwenza kube nzima ukuwalwa namagciwane.
- Azikwazi ukuthola umjovo we-pertussis kuze kube sezineviki eziyisithupha ubudala, zizishiya zingavikeliwe emasontweni okuqala abalulekile empilweni.
- Izindlela zazo zokuphefumula ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuvaleka okubangwa ukukhwehlela okunamandla.
Izimpawu Zenkakhimkhim Ezinsaneni Ezisanda Kuzalwa
Ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, izimpawu zenkakhimkhim zingahluka kulezo zezingane ezindala nabantu abadala. Zingase zingabonisi "ukukhala" okuyisici. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Izimpawu Ezincane Zomkhuhlane: Ikhala eligijimayo, ukukhwehlela okuncane, nomkhuhlane omncane kungase kuvele ezigabeni zokuqala.
- Ukukhwehlela Okunamandla: Izikhathi zokukhwehlela okusheshayo, okungaphezu kwamandla zingenzeka, ngezinye izikhathi kulandelwa ukugabha noma ukuhlanza.
- I-Apnoea: Izikhathi lapho ingane iyeka ukuphefumula isikhashana. Lokhu kuyakhathaza ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
- Ibala Lesikhumba Esiluhlaza: Libangwa ukushoda komoyampilo ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela.
- Ukukhathala Nokuphela Amandla: Ngemva kokukhwehlela, ingane ingase ibukeke ikhathele kakhulu noma ibuthaka.
Uma usola ukuthi usana lwakho lune-whooping cough, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga.
Ihlolwa Kanjani I-Whooping Cough?
Umhlinzeki wezempilo ngokuvamile uzokwenza lokhu:
- Abukeze izimpawu zomntwana nomlando wezokwelapha.
- Enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.
- Enze ukuhlolwa, njengokuhlolwa kwekhala noma komphimbo, ukuze kutholakale i-Bordetella pertussis.
Ukuthola isifo ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kwelashwe kahle futhi kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwesifo.
Izinkinga Zenkakhimkhim Ezinsaneni Ezisanda Kuzalwa
Inkakhimkhim ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima ezinsaneni, kuhlanganise nalokhu:
- I-Pneumonia: Ukutheleleka okungumphumela okuhambisana nokuphila okuyingozi.
- Ukuhlasela: Okubangelwa ukwehliswa komoyampilo ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela okunamandla.
- Umonakalo Obuchopho: Okuvela ekushodeni isikhathi eside komoyampilo.
- Ukuphelelwa Amanzi Emzimbeni Nokungondleki: Ngenxa yobunzima bokudla ngesikhathi sokugula.
- Ukufa: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Ukwelashwa Kwenkakhimkhim
1. Amagciwane okulwa nezifo
Amagciwane okulwa nezifo awukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwenkakhimkhim. Uma enikezwa ngesikhathi, anganciphisa ubunzima nesikhathi sokugula futhi avimbele ukusabalala kwawo kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, amagciwane okulwa nezifo awakwazi ukuhlehlisa umonakalo osubangelwe yisifo.
2. Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo
- Ukulaliswa Esibhedlela: Izinsana ezinezimpawu ezimbi zingase zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze zibhekwe eduze futhi zelashwe.
- Ukwelashwa Komoyampilo: Kusiza izinsana ezinenkinga yokuphefumula ngesikhathi zikhwehlela.
- Amanzi: Ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokugcina ukudla okunomsoco.
Ukuvimbela Inkakhimkhim Ezinsaneni Ezisanda Kuzalwa
1. Ukugomela Kwabakhulelwe
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ukugomela abesifazane abakhulelwe ngomjovo we-Tdap phakathi nezigaba zokugcina zokukhulelwa. Lokhu kunikeza umntwana ukungatheleleki okungaqondile, kunikeza ukuvikeleka emasontweni okuqala empilo ngaphambi kokuba bagonywe.
2. Ukugonywa Kwabantu Abaseduze (Ukuzungeza)
Khuthaza bonke abasekhaya, abanakekeli, nanoma ubani osondelene nomntwana ukuba bagomele i-Tdap. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela amagciwane kusana olusanda kuzalwa.
3. Ukugonywa Kwesana Okufika Ngesikhathi
Qinisekisa ukuthi umntwana wakho uthola uchungechunge lomjovo we-DTaP, oqala ngesonto lesithupha. Uhlelo oluphelele ngokuvamile luhlanganisa imithamo ku:
- Amasonto ama-6
- Amasonto ama-10
- Amasonto ama-14
- Imithamo yokuvuselela ebuntwaneni nasesikhathini sokufikisa
4. Izindlela Ezinhle Zokuhlanzeka
Gwema ukuchayeka kosana lwakho olusanda kuzalwa kubantu abagulayo, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zokuqala. Geza izandla njalo, futhi khuthaza izivakashi ukuba zenze okufanayo.
5. Gwema Izindawo Zomphakathi
Nciphisa ukuvakasha ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi noma ezindaweni zomphakathi, njengezikhungo zokuthenga noma izindawo zokunakekela izingane, lapho ingozi yokuchayeka ezifweni iphakeme khona.
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Usana Lwakho Olusanda Kuzalwa Luchayeka Enkakhimkhim
Uma umntwana wakho esondelene nomuntu otholakale enenkakhimkhim:
- Yazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.
- Amagciwane okulwa nezifo okuvikela angase anconywe, ngisho noma umntwana engabonisi izimpawu.
Nini Ukufuna Usizo Olungelapheki Oluyisimangaliso
Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo uma usana lwakho olusanda kuzalwa luphawula:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okuvimbekile
- Ibala lesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izindebe
- Ukukhwehlela okunamandla okulandelwa ukuhlanza
- Ukungaphenduli noma ukukhathala okwedlulele
Isiphetho
Inkakhimkhim yisifo esiyingozi kodwa esingagwenywa esidinga ukuqapha, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Ukuqonda izimpawu, ukuqinisekisa ukugoma ngesikhathi, nokulandela izindlela ezinhle zokuhlanzeka kunganciphisa kakhulu izingozi. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela nokuhlala unolwazi, abazali bangavikela izingane zabo futhi baqinisekise ukuqala okunempilo kwempilo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
1. Ingabe umuntu ogomile usengayithola inkakhimkhim?
Yebo, ukungatheleleki okuvela emgomeni kungancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abagomile ngokuvamile bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezincane.
2. Ingabe umjovo we-Tdap uphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Yebo, umjovo we-Tdap uphephile futhi unconywa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Usiza ukuvikela umntwana emasontweni okuqala empilo.
3. Ingabe izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingawuthola umjovo we-pertussis?
Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingawuthola umjovo we-DTaP oqala ngesonto lesithupha. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ukugoma komama nokuzungeza kunikeza ukuvikeleka.
4. Inkakhimkhim ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa?
Isifo singahlala amasonto ambalwa, kanti isigaba sokukhwehlela sivame ukuqhubeka amasonto ayisi-6–10 noma ngaphezulu.
5. Ingabe ukuncelisa ingane kungavikela umntwana wami enkakhimkhim?
Ukuncelisa ingane kunikeza izakhamzimba ezibalulekile nokunye ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba, kodwa akukwazi ukungena esikhundleni sokuvikela okunikezwa ukugoma.
