Uma kuziwa ekukhuleni kwezingane, abazali kufanele bakhathazeke kancane mayelana nesikhathi sesikrini sezingane—futhi okwengeziwe ngesabo.
Ama-Smartphones asenawo manje wathinteka ku imiphumela eminingi ewumvuthuluka —ukufa kwezimoto, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukulahlekelwa uzwela, izinkinga zobudlelwane, ukuhluleka ukubona umlingisi ogibele ibhayisikili elilodwa—kangangokuthi kubonakala kulula ukubhala izinto abazenzayo. ungenzi ukumosha kunezinto abazenzayo. Umphakathi wethu kungenzeka ufinyelela ukugxekwa okuphezulu kwamadivayisi edijithali.
Yebo, abazali manje banesikhathi esiningi sokubhekana nezingane zabo kunanoma yibaphi abazali emlandweni. Naphezu kokwanda okumangalisayo kwephesenti labesifazane abasebenza, omama namuhla ngokumangalisayo bachitha isikhathi esiningi benakekela izingane zabo kunomama ababesenza ngawo-1960. Kodwa ukusebenzelana phakathi komzali nengane kuya ngokuya kusezingeni eliphansi, ngisho ne-ersatz. Abazali bahlala bekhona empilweni yezingane zabo ngokomzimba, kodwa abahambisani kahle ngokomzwelo . Ukucacisa, anginaluzwelo kubazali abakule nkinga. Ezami izingane esezikhulile zithanda ukwenza ihlaya ukuthi ngabe azizange ziphile ziseyizinsana ukube ngangine-smartphone ku-clutch yami eminyakeni engu-25 edlule.
Ukuphikisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa kwabazali izikrini kuyinkinga engaziswanga kangako akukhona ukwehlisa ubungozi obuqondile bezikrini ezibeka izingane: Ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda buphakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zesikhathi sesikrini (ikakhulukazi lezo ezibandakanya izithombe ezishesha ngokushesha noma ezinodlame) zilimaza ubuchopho obuncane. . Izingane zasenkulisa zanamuhla zichitha amahora angaphezu kwamane ngosuku zibheke isikrini. Futhi, kusukela ngo-1970, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuqala kokusetshenziswa kwesikrini “okuvamile” sisuke eminyakeni emi-4 saya ezinyangeni ezine kuphela.
Eminye yemidlalo emisha edlalwa izingane emafonini noma kumathebulethi ingase ibe mnene kunokubuka i-TV (noma i-YouTube), ngokuthi ilingise kangcono indlela yokuziphatha yezingane engokwemvelo. Futhi, kunjalo, abantu abadala abaningi ababesebenza kahle basinda ebuntwaneni obuthuntuthekisa ingqondo obuchithwe bebuka udoti omningi ongokwengqondo. (Umama—okungavamile ngesikhathi sakhe—wavimbela i-Speed Racer kanye ne-Gilligan's Island ngezizathu zokungabi nangqondo. Ukuthi ngandlela thize ngakwazi ukubuka isiqephu ngasinye sohlelo ngalunye izikhathi eziningi akukaze kuchazwe.) Noma kunjalo, akekho ophikisana ngempela nokukhulu okumangalisayo. izindleko zamathuba ezinganeni ezincane ezixhunywe esikrinini: Isikhathi esichithwa kumadivayisi isikhathi esingachithiwe sihlola umhlaba futhi sihlobene nabanye abantu.
Nokho kuzo zonke izinkulumo ezimayelana nesikhathi sesikrini sezingane, ngokumangazayo kuncane ukunaka okunakwa ekusetshenzisweni kwesikrini ngabazali ngokwabo, manje abahlushwa yilokho uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe uLinda Stone eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 edlule akubiza ngokuthi “ukunakwa okuyingxenye okuqhubekayo.” Lesi simo asisilimazi thina kuphela, njengoba u-Stone ephikile; kulimaza izingane zethu. Isitayela esisha sokusebenzisana kwabazali singaphazamisa uhlelo lwasendulo lokuqaphela imizwelo, uphawu lwalo oluphawulekayo ukuxhumana okusabelayo, okuyisisekelo sokufunda kwabantu okuningi. Sisendaweni engashiwongo.
Ochwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwengane banamagama ahlukene esistimu yokubonisa i-dyadic phakathi komuntu omdala nengane, eyakha i-architecture eyisisekelo yobuchopho. UJack P. Shonkoff, udokotela wezingane kanye nomqondisi we-Harvard's Center on the Developing Child, uyibiza ngokuthi indlela yokuxhumana “yokukhonza nokubuyisela”; izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo uKathy Hirsh-Pasek noRoberta Michnick Golinkoff bachaza “iqoqo lezingxoxo.” Amaphethini ezwi abazali yonke indawo abajwayele ukuwasebenzisa ngesikhathi beshintshana nezinsana kanye nezinsana zimakwa ngephimbo eliphezulu, uhlelo lolimi olulula, nomdlandla owedlulele. Nakuba le nkulumo ivama kubantu abadala ababukele, izingane azikutholi okwanele. Akukhona lokho kuphela: Ucwaningo olulodwa lwabonisa ukuthi izinsana ezichayeka kulesi sitayela sokukhuluma esisebenzisanayo, esisabela ngokomzwelo ezinyangeni ezingu-11 nezinyanga ezingu-14 zazi amagama amaningi aphindwe kabili eminyakeni engu-2 kunalawo angazange azibonele kuwo.
Ukukhula kwengane kuhlobene, yingakho, kolunye ucwaningo, izingane ezinezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezithole isiyalo samahora ambalwa esi-Mandarin kumuntu ophilayo zakwazi ukuhlukanisa izakhi zefonetiki ngolimi kuyilapho elinye iqembu lezingane ezithole imfundo efanayo. ngevidiyo ayikwazanga. Ngokuka-Hirsh-Pasek, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseThempeli kanye nozakwabo ophezulu e-Brookings Institution, izifundo eziningi ziqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwengxoxo. Wangitshela ukuthi: “Ulimi luyisibikezelo esingcono kakhulu sempumelelo yesikole, futhi isihluthulelo samakhono olimi aqinile yilezo zingxoxo ezihamba phambili naphambili phakathi kwezingane ezincane nabantu abadala.”
Ngakho-ke, inkinga iphakama lapho uhlelo lokuqapha oluthinta imizwa lomuntu omdala nengane olubaluleke kangaka ekufundeni kusenesikhathi luphazanyiswa—umbhalo, ngokwesibonelo, noma ukungena ngokushesha ku-Instagram. Noma ubani osikwe phansi u-opharetha wesilawuli esikhubazekile se-smartphone angafakazela ukuba khona kwayo yonke indawo. Omunye umphumela walezi zimo uqashelwe isazi sezomnotho esilandelela ukwanda kokulimala kwezingane njengoba ama-smartphone ayedlanga. (I-AT&T ikhiphe isevisi yama-smartphone ngezikhathi ezihlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela idale isilingo semvelo esithakazelisayo. Indawo ngendawo, njengoba ukwamukelwa kwe-smartphone kukhuphuka, ukuvakasha kwe-ER ebuntwaneni kwanda.) Lokhu okutholakele kudonsele ukunaka okuncane kwemithombo yezindaba ezingozini zomzimba ezibangelwa umzali ophazamisekile, kodwa siye saphuza ukubheka umthelela wako ekukhuleni kwengqondo yezingane. "Izingane azikwazi ukufunda uma sinqamula izingxoxo ngokuthatha omakhalekhukhwini bethu noma ngokubuka umbhalo ozwakala ezikrinini zethu," kusho u-Hirsh-Pasek.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2010, abacwaningi baseBoston babona ngokucashile abanakekeli abangu-55 bedla nengane eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezindaweni zokudlela zokudla okusheshayo. Abantu abadala abangu-40 bacwile kumafoni abo ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, abanye bacishe bangazinaki izingane (abacwaningi bathola ukuthi ukuthayipha nokuswayipha kwakuyizigebengu ezinkulu kulokhu kunokuthatha ucingo). Ngokungamangalisi, izingane eziningi zaqala ukwenza izicelo zokunakwa, ezazinganakwa njalo. Ucwaningo olulandelanayo lwaletha omama abangama-225 kanye nezingane zabo ezineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-6 ubudala endaweni evamile futhi baqopha ukuxhumana kwabo ngevidiyo njengoba umzali ngamunye nengane benikezwa ukudla okufanele bakuzame. Phakathi nenkathi yokubuka, ingxenye yesine yomama yasebenzisa ucingo lwabo ngokuzenzekelayo kanti labo abalusebenzisile baqale ukuxhumana nengane yabo ngamazwi nangendlela engakhulumi.
Kanti olunye ucwaningo oluklanywe ngokuqinile, lolu olwenziwa endaweni yase-Philadelphia ngu-Hirsh-Pasek, Golinkoff, kanye no-Jessa Reed wase-Temple, lwahlola umthelela wokusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini kwabazali ekufundeni ulimi lwezingane. Omama abangamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili kanye nezingane zabo ezineminyaka emibili bangeniswa ekamelweni. Omama babe sebetshelwa ukuthi kwakuzodingeka bafundise izingane zabo amagama amabili amasha ( blicking , okwakusho “ukubhampa,” nokunyakazisa , okusho “ukunyakaza”) futhi banikezwa ucingo ukuze abaphenyi bakwazi ukuxhumana nabo elinye igumbi. Lapho omama bephazanyiswa ucingo, izingane azizange zifunde igama, ngaphandle kwalokho zafunda. Kwi-coda eyindida kulolu cwaningo, abacwaningi kudingeke bakhiphe omama abayisikhombisa ekuhlaziyeni, ngoba abaluphendulanga ucingo, “behluleka ukulandela umthetho olandelwayo.” Kuhle kubo!
t akukaze kube lula ukulinganisa izidingo zabantu abadala nezingane, kungasaphathwa izifiso zabo, futhi kuwubuwula ukucabanga ukuthi izingane zingase zibe isikhungo esingantengantengi sokunakwa kwabazali. Abazali bebehlale beshiya izingane ukuze zizijabulise ngezinye izikhathi—“zichitha izikebhe,” emshweni ongenakulibaleka ovela I-Wind in the Willows , noma uvele ulale ngokungenanjongo kuma-playpens. Ngandlela thize, isikhathi sesikrini sezingane zekhulu lama-21 asihlukile kakhulu kubasizi bomama isizukulwane ngasinye sabantu abadala esithembele kuso ukuze sigcine izingane zimatasa. Lapho abazali bengenazo izindawo zokudlala, zangempela noma eziyisaga, isiphithiphithi asivamile ukusala emuva. Umlando kaCaroline Fraser wakamuva kaLaura Ingalls Wilder, umbhali we I-Little House on the Prairie , ichaza indlela yokukhulisa izingane ngendlela engavamile yabazali basemngceleni wekhulu le-19, ababefihla izingane eminyango evulekile yohhavini ukuze bathole ukufudumala futhi ngenye indlela bazishiya engozini “yazo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi njengoba omama bazo bezama ukubhekana nokuncintisana. izibopho.” U-Wilder ngokwakhe ulandisa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlekelele eziseduze nendodakazi yakhe encane, uRose; ngesinye isikhathi wathi ephakamisa amehlo ephuma emisebenzini yakhe abone amaponi agibele egxuma phezu kwekhanda lomntwana.
