Njengomzali, kujwayelekile ukuthi ufune ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki kwengane yakho encane uma igula. Imithi etholakala ezitolo (OTC) ingabonakala njengendlela esheshayo yokuxazulula inkinga, kodwa ingaba nengozi enkulu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane. Ngenxa yokuthi imizimba yazo isanda kukhula, igaya imithi ngokwehlukile kunabantu abadala, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ibe nemiphumela emibi. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola izingozi zemithi ye-OTC ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane futhi sinikeze ezinye izindlela eziphephile zokulawula impilo yazo.
1. Ingozi Yokunikeza Umthamo Ongalungile
Ukuzwela Emithini
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane zizwela kakhulu emthini. Ngisho nokuguquka okuncane kumthamo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu, kubangele imiphumela engemihle noma ukwedlula umthamo. Imithi eminingi ye-OTC yenzelwe izingane ezindala noma abantu abadala, futhi imiyalelo ayihlali icacile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa noma ezincane.
Izinkinga Ezivamile Ngomthamo Ongalungile
- Ukwedlula Umthamo: Ukunikeza umthamo omningi wemithi, kungaba ngephutha noma ngenxa yokungaqondi imiyalelo yomthamo, kungaholela emiphumeleni engemihle kakhulu.
- Ukunikeza Umthamo Omncane: Ngokuphambene, ukunikeza umthamo omncane kungenza imithi ingasebenzi kahle, kushiya ingane yakho ingavikelekile ekuguleni.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Njalo funda amalebula ngokucophelela futhi usebenzise ithuluzi lokulinganisa elinikezwe umenzi ukuze ulinganise imithi. Uma ungabaza, thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ukuze uthole iseluleko esifanele ngomthamo weminyaka nesisindo sengane yakho.
2. Ingozi Yokuzelapha Ngemithi Yomkhuhlane Nekhwala Ye-OTC
Imithi Yomkhuhlane Nekhwala Ayinconyelwe Izingane Ezincane
Imithi ye-OTC yomkhuhlane nekhwala isetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela nokuminyana kwamakhala ezinganeni, kodwa ayiphephile ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane. Ngokusho kweziphathimandla zezempilo ezifana ne-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), le mithi ayinconyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2, futhi ngisho nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 kufanele ziyigweme ngaphandle uma zelulekwe ngokucacile ngudokotela.
Kungani Le Mithi Inobungozi?
- Ingozi Yokwedlula Umthamo: Izingane zingaba nethuba elikhulu lokwedlula umthamo ngenxa yosayizi wazo omncane kanye nokugaya imithi okuhlukile.
- Imiphumela Engemihle: Izithako ezifana ne-decongestants, i-antihistamines, kanye ne-cough suppressants zingaba nemiphumela engemihle eyingozi, kuhlanganise nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandile, nobuthongo.
- Izimo Eziyisisekelo: Eminye imithi ye-OTC ingasebenzisana nezimo zezempilo ezikhona kakade, okungase kubangele ukusabela okukhulu.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Uma ingane yakho encane noma encane inomkhuhlane noma ikhwala, kuphephile ukuthembela emakhambini emvelo afana namaconsi kasawoti, i-humidifier, noma ukugeza ngamanzi afudumele. Njalo thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi.
3. Imiphumela Engemihle Engase Ibe Khona Yemithi Ejwayelekile Ye-OTC
Imithi Yokunciphisa Ubuhlungu Nezinhlungu Zokushisa
Imithi efana ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol) ne-ibuprofen (Advil) isetshenziswa kakhulu ukunciphisa umkhuhlane noma ukudambisa ubuhlungu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kungaba yingozi.
- Ukwedlula Umthamo we-Acetaminophen: Le siphunguli sobuhlungu esivamile singaba nobuthi esibindini uma kwedlulwa umthamo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane ezinezitho zomzimba ezisathuthuka.
- Izingozi ze-Ibuprofen: I-Ibuprofen ingabangela ukucasuka kwesisu, ukulimala kwezinso, noma ukwandisa ukoma, ikakhulukazi uma ingasetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Njalo landela imihlahlandlela yokunikeza umthamo esuselwe esisindweni nobudala bengane yakho. Ungalokothi unikeze i-ibuprofen engcwaneni engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela, futhi gwema i-acetaminophen uma ingane yakho inezinkinga zesibindi.
4. Ukusabela Kwemithi Ye-OTC Kwabangezwani Nomzimba
Ukungezwani Nomzimba Kungenzeka
Imithi ye-OTC, ikakhulukazi leyo enezithako eziningi, ingabangela ukusabela okungahambisani nomzimba kwezinye izingane. Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka ekuhhuhukeni okuncane kuye ekusabeleni okukhulu njengokuvuvukala, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma i-anaphylaxis.
Izinto Ezivamile Ezibangela Ukungezwani Nomzimba Emithini
- Imibala yokwenziwa nama-flavour emithini ewuketshezi
- Izithako ezisebenzayo ezifana ne-antihistamines noma iziphunguli zobuhlungu
- Izinto ezingasebenzi (inactive ingredients) ezisetshenziselwa ukuzinza noma ukulondoloza imithi
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Uma wazi ukuthi ingane yakho inokungezwani nomzimba ezintweni ezithile (isb., odayi noma izinto ezilondoloza ukudla), funda ngokucophelela uhlu lwezithako kulebula yomuthi. Uma ingane yakho inokungezwani nomzimba okwaziwayo emthini othize noma engxenyeni, gwema imithi equkethe leso sithako.
5. Ingozi Yokuhlanganisa Imithi Ehlukahlukene
Ingozi Yokusebenzisana Kwemithi
Ukunikeza ingane yakho imithi eminingi—ikakhulukazi uma iqukethe izithako ezifanayo ezisebenzayo—kungandisa ingozi yokusebenzisana okuyingozi phakathi kwemithi nokwedlula umthamo. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi eminingi yomkhuhlane iqukethe i-acetaminophen, okungaholela ekwedluleni umthamo ngengozi uma inikezwa nomunye umuthi oqukethe isithako esifanayo.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Ungalokothi uhlanganise imithi ngaphandle kokuthintana nodokotela wengane yakho. Njalo gcina uhlu lwemithi ingane yakho eyithathayo futhi uluze nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuze uvikele ukusebenzisana okuyingozi.
6. Ingozi Yemiphumela Yesikhathi Eside
Izinkinga Zokuthuthuka
Ukusebenzisa okuphindaphindiwe noma okungenasidingo kwemithi ye-OTC kungathinta impilo yengane yakho yesikhathi eside. Eminye imithi ingase iphazamise ukuthuthuka kwesibindi, izinso, noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla.
Imiphumela Engokwengqondo Nangokuziphatha
Eminye imithi ye-OTC, efana nale equkethe izinto zokulalisa noma i-antihistamines, ingabangela ubuthongo, ukusebenza ngokweqile, noma ukucasuka ezinganeni, kuthinta ukuziphatha kwazo namaphethini okulala.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi uma kunesidingo ngempela. Njalo xoxa nodokotela wakho uma ingane yakho idinga imithi njalo, futhi hlola ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezincane.
7. Ukubaluleka Kokuthintana Nodokotela Wezingane
Ubuchwepheshe Bezokwelapha Izingane
Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane akuzona nje abantu abadala abancane; imizimba yazo igaya imithi ngokwehlukile, yingakho kubaluleke kangaka ukuthola isiqondiso sochwepheshe. Imithi etholakala ezitolo ingase ingafaneleki noma ingaphephile ngeminyaka, isisindo, noma umlando wezempilo wengane yakho.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Uma ingane yakho ingaphilile, njalo thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokuyinikeza imithi ye-OTC. Bangakuncoma ukwelashwa okuphephile nokusebenzayo futhi bakusize ugweme izingozi ezivamile ezihambisana nokuzelapha.
8. Indima Yezinye Izindlela Zemvelo Neziphephile
Amakhambi Emvelo
Nakuba imithi ye-OTC ingaba yingozi, kukhona amakhambi emvelo nezinye izindlela eziphephile ezingasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zengane yakho. Ngokwesibonelo, amaconsi kasawoti ekhaleni, ukubhucungwa ngobumnene, ukugeza ngamanzi afudumele, kanye nokunikeza amanzi kungadambisa izifo ezivamile ezifana nokuminyana noma isisu esibuhlungu.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa umuthi, cabanga ngezinketho ezingezona izidakamizwa ezifana netiye lamakhambi (elifanele izingane ezindala), ama-humidifier, noma amafutha abalulekile aphephile ezinganeni. Njalo qinisekisa ukuphepha kwanoma yimaphi amakhambi ehlukile nodokotela wengane yakho.
9. Ukubaluleka Kokugcina Ngendlela Efanele
Ukugcina Imithi Ngokuphepha
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela izingozi ukugcina imithi kude nezingane. Izingane ngokwemvelo ziyazifisa, futhi ngisho nezingane ezindala zingase zingaqondi izingozi zokugwinya okuyingozi.
Ithiphu Yokuvikela
Gcina yonke imithi, kuhlanganise nemithi ye-OTC, ekhabetheni elikhiywe noma endaweni ephakeme lapho izingane zingakwazi ukuyifinyelela khona. Sebenzisa izivalo ezingavulwa yizingane kuyo yonke imithi, futhi ungalokothi ushiye imithi ezindaweni eziphansi, emashalofini oseceleni kombhede, noma kwezinye izindawo lapho ingane yakho ingase iyifinyelele khona.
Isiphetho
Imithi etholakala ezitolo ingase inikeze ukudambiswa okusheshayo kwezifo ezivamile, kodwa ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezincane, ingase ibe nezingozi ezinkulu uma isetshenziswa ngendlela engafanele. Ukuqonda izingozi zale mithi, kusukela ekunikezeni umthamo ongalungile nasekusabeleni okungalungile, kuye ezingozini ezingase zibe khona esikhathini eside, kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ingane yakho iphephile. Njalo thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yimiphi imithi ye-OTC futhi cabanga ngezinye izindlela eziphephile lapho kungenzeka khona. Ngokuhlala unolwazi futhi uqaphela, ungasiza ukuvikela ingane yakho ezingozini zemithi engenasidingo futhi uqinisekise impilo yayo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo
1. Nginganika yini ingane yami noma yimiphi imithi etholakala ezitolo ngomkhuhlane?
Cha, imithi eminingi ye-OTC yomkhuhlane ayinconyelwe izingane ezincane, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2. Njalo thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yimuphi umuthi.
2. Kufanele ngenzenjani uma nginikeze ingane yami umuthi omningi ngephutha?
Uma usola ukwedlula umthamo, thintana nesikhungo sakho sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha futhi ulandele imiyalelo yabo. Isikhathi sibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okukhulu.
3. Ingabe amakhambi emvelo aphephile kunemithi ye-OTC yengane yami?
Amakhambi emvelo angaphephile, kodwa njalo thintana nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokuwazama, njengoba amanye angase angafaneleki ezinsaneni noma angase asebenzisane nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
4. Ngingayivimbela kanjani ingane yami ukuba ingathathi umuthi ngephutha?
Gcina yonke imithi emakhabethe akhiywe, ngaphandle kokubonakala nokuphunyuka kwezingane. Sebenzisa izivalo ezingavulwa yizingane futhi uhlole njalo ikhabethe lakho lemithi ukuze ubone imithi ephelelwe yisikhathi noma engasetshenzisiwe.
5. Ingabe iziphunguli zobuhlungu ze-OTC ezifana ne-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen zingathelwa ezinganeni ezincane?
Yebo, kodwa kuphela ngomthamo olungile weminyaka yazo nesisindo. Ungalokothi unikeze i-ibuprofen ezinganeni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 ngaphandle kwemvume kadokotela wakho, futhi njalo landela imihlahlandlela yokunikeza umthamo.
