Ziyini Izimpawu Zomashoshaqane?
Izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka ngumashoshaqane ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okunamandla, ikhala eligijima, umkhuhlane omkhulu, namehlo abomvu. Izingane zingase zibe nama- Koplik's spots (amabala abomvu amancane anesikhungo esibomvu okungathi mhlophe okunsomi) ngaphakathi emlonyeni ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifuba.
Isifo sivuka ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu, ngezinye izikhathi kanye nomkhuhlane omkhulu ofika ku-104°F (40°C). Isifo esibomvu noma esinsundu okungathi sibomvu ngokuvamile siqala njengamabala abomvu acwengekile ebunzini. Sisabalala ebusweni bonke, bese siyehla entanyeni nasemzimbeni kuya ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasezinyaweni. Umkhuhlane nesifuba kancane kancane kuyaphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ingabe Umashoshaqane Uyathelelana?
Umashoshaqane uyathelelana kakhulu. Eqinisweni, abantu abangu-9 kwabangu-10 abangagonyiwe umashoshaqane bazowuthola uma beseduze nomuntu osesithole.
Abantu Bawuthola Kanjani Umashoshaqane?
Umashoshaqane usabalala lapho abantu bephefumula noma bexhuma ngqo noketshezi oluthelelekile ngegciwane. Ungadlula ngamaconsi afuthwe emoyeni lapho umuntu onomashoshaqane ethimula noma ekhwehlela. Umuntu ovelele kuleli gciwane ngokuvamile ukhombisa izimpawu ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-14.
Abantu abanomashoshaqane bangasabalalisa lesi sifo kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-4 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-4 ngemuva kwalokho. Bayathelelana kakhulu ngenkathi benomkhuhlane, ikhala eligijima, nokukhwehlela. Labo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthaka ngenxa yezinye izimo (njenge-HIV ne-AIDS) bangasabalalisa igciwane lomashoshaqane kuze kube yilapho belulama.
Uwelashwa Kanjani Umashoshaqane?
Ayikho indlela ethile yokwelashwa komashoshaqane. Ukusiza ukuphatha izimpawu:
- nikeza ingane yakho uketshezi oluningi
- khuthaza ukuphumula okwengeziwe
- nikeza umuthi wokunciphisa umkhuhlane ongena-aspirin, njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen uma umkhuhlane wenza ingane yakho ingakhululeki. Ungalokothi unikeze i-aspirin ingane enesifo segciwane, njengoba ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kuxhunyaniswa ne-Reye syndrome.
Izingane ezinomashoshaqane kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela udokotela. Kwezinye izimo, umashoshaqane ungaholela kwezinye izinkinga, njenge:
- izifo zezindlebe
- icroup
- isifo sohudo
- i-pneumonia
- i-encephalitis (ukungakhululeki nokuvuvukala kobuchopho)
Izingane ezinomashoshaqane kufanele zigcinwe kude nabanye izinsuku ezingu-4 ngemuva kokuvela kwesifuba sazo. Kulabo abanesistimu yokuzivikela ebuthakathaka, lokhu kufanele kuqhubeke kuze kube yilapho belulama ngokuphelele futhi zonke izimpawu sezinyamalele.
Uhlala Isikhathi Esingakanani Umashoshaqane?
Ukutheleleka ngumashoshaqane kungahlala amasonto ambalwa. Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala ezinsukwini ezingu-7-14 ngemuva kokuba umuntu evele kuleli gciwane.
Ungavinjwa Yini Umashoshaqane?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela izingane zakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zigonyiwe umashoshaqane.
Ezinganeni eziningi, ukuvikela umashoshaqane kuyingxenye yomgomo womashoshaqane-mumps-rubella (MMR) noma umgomo womashoshaqane-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) onikezwa lapho zineminyaka engu-12 kuya ku-15 ubudala futhi futhi lapho zineminyaka engu-4 kuya ku-6 ubudala.
Umgomo unganikezwa izingane ezincane njengezinyanga eziyisi-6 uma zizobe zihamba phesheya. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi umgomo uyadingeka nini.
Kungani Kubalulekile Ukugoma?
Ukugoma okusabalele kunciphise umashoshaqane e-U.S. Kodwa ukuqubuka kusenzeka. Ukuqubuka kuyenzeka lapho isifo senzeka ngamanani amakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile endaweni ethile. Ukuqubuka komashoshaqane kukhula emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yabantu abangagonyiwe.
Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izingane ezingawuthola umgomo ziwuthole ngesikhathi. Abantu abasengozini (njengalabo abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthaka) abakwazi ukuwuthola umgomo. Kodwa lapho abantu abaningi begonyiwe ekuguleni, kubavikela, kuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo, futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuqubuka.
Abasengozini kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqubuka komashoshaqane yilezi:
- izingane ezingakabi nalo usuku lokuthola umgomo
- abakhulelwe
- abantu abanezondlo ezingezinhle noma izinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthaka
Odokotela banganikeza umjovo wama-antibodies omashoshaqane (obizwa nge- immune globulin) kubantu abasengozini abavezwa umashoshaqane. Usebenza kakhulu uma unikezwa ezinsukwini eziyisi-6 zokuxhumana. Lawa ma-antibodies angavikela umashoshaqane noma enze izimpawu zingabi zimbi kakhulu.
Umgomo womashoshaqane ungaphinde usize ukuvikela abantu abangagonyiwe ukuba bangaguli ngemuva kokuba bevezwe umashoshaqane uma bewuthola ezinsukwini eziyisi-3.
Kufanele Ngimshayele Nini Udokotela?
Shayela udokotela ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inomashoshaqane. Phinde ushayele uma ingane yakho ibiseduze nomuntu onomashoshaqane, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho:
- iyingane encane
- ithatha imithi ecindezela uhlelo lokuzivikela
- inomashoshozi, umdlavuza, noma isifo esithinta uhlelo lokuzivikela
