Yini I-Whooping Cough (Pertussis)?

Izimpawu Nezimpawu

Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhwehlela zifana nalezo zomkhuhlane ojwayelekile:

• ikhala eligijimayo
• ukuthimula
• ukukhwehlela okuncane
• umkhuhlane wezinga eliphansi

Ngemva kweviki eli-1 kuya kwayi-2, ukukhwehlela okomile, okucasulayo kuphenduka izihlava zokukhwehlela. Ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela, okungahlala isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu, ingane ingase ibe bomvu noma ibe nsomi. Ekupheleni kwesipelingi, ingane ingase yenze isici esizwakalayo lapho iphefumula noma iphalaze. Phakathi kweziphonso, ngokuvamile ingane izizwa kahle.

Nakuba izingane eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezincane ezinomkhuhlane wokukhwehlela ziba nokukhwehlela nokuhambisana ne-whoop, akubona bonke abakwenzayo. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi izingane azikhwehleli noma azikhiphi njengoba kwenza izingane ezindala. Izinsana zingase zibukeke sengathi zihefuzela ngobuso obubomvu futhi zingase ziyeke ukuphefumula (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-apnea) imizuzwana embalwa phakathi nezikhathi ezimbi kakhulu.

Abantu abadala kanye nentsha bangase babe nezimpawu ezithambile noma ezihlukile, njengokukhwehlela isikhathi eside (kunokuba kube ukukhwehlela) noma ukukhwehlela ngaphandle kwe-whoop.

Ukusulelana

I-Pertussis ithathelwana kakhulu. Amagciwane asakazeka esuka komunye umuntu aye komunye ngamaconsi amancane oketshezi aphuma ekhaleni noma emlonyeni womuntu onaleli gciwane. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale lapho umuntu ethimula, ekhwehlela, noma ehleka. Abanye-ke bangangenwa igciwane ngokuhogela amaconsi noma ukufaka amaconsi ezandleni zabo bese bethinta umlomo noma amakhala.

Abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane bathathelwana kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala kokugula kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemva kokuqala kokukhwehlela. Ama-antibiotic anciphisa isikhathi sokutheleleka sibe yizinsuku ezi-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Ukuvimbela

Ukukhwehlela kungavinjelwa ngomuthi wokugomela i-pertussis, oyingxenye ye-DTaP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-acellular pertussis) yokugoma.

Ukugonywa kwe-DTaP kuvamise ukunikezwa ngemithamo emihlanu ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa lwesithupha lwengane. Ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukuzivikela komzimba kuphelelwa, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-11-18 zithole i-booster shot yomuthi wokugomela omusha oyinhlanganisela (obizwa nge-Tdap), kahle uma zineminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala.

Umgomo we-Tdap uyafana ne-DTaP kodwa unezinga eliphansi le-diphtheria kanye ne-tetanus toxoid. Kufanele futhi inikezwe abantu abadala abangazange bayithole njengentsha noma intsha. Umuthi wokugoma uyanconywa kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe phakathi nengxenye yesibili yokukhulelwa ngakunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bake bawuthola yini umgomo ngaphambilini, noma ukuthi ugcinwe nini.

Ukuthola umgomo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasondelene nezinsana, ngoba izingane zingaba nezinkinga ezinzima nezingaba yingozi empilweni ngenxa yokukhwehlela. Ukungavikeleki komuntu omdala ekukhwehleleni kuyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho ukugonywa nokuzivikela ezifweni kusiza ukuvikela usana noma ingane yakho ekutholeni.

Njengazo zonke izinhlelo zokugoma, kukhona okuhlukile okubalulekile nezimo ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzoba nolwazi lwamanje kakhulu.

Abantu abahlala noma abasondelene kakhulu nomuntu one-pertussis kufanele bathole ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, noma ngabe sebegonyelwe yini. Izingane ezincane ezingakayitholi yonke imithamo emihlanu yomgomo zingase zidinge umthamo okhuthazayo uma zivezwe ilungu lomndeni elithelelekile.

Ukufukamela

Isikhathi sokufukamela (isikhathi esiphakathi kokutheleleka kanye nokuqala kwezimpawu) zomkhuhlane wokukhwehlela ngokuvamile siyizinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, kodwa singaba yizinsuku ezingama-21.

Ubude besikhathi

I-Pertussis ivame ukudala izimpawu ezinde - isonto eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 lezimpawu zomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, okulandelwa yizinyanga ezi-3 zokukhwehlela kanzima.

Isigaba sokugcina sihlanganisa amanye amasonto ambalwa okululama nokuqedwa kancane kancane kwezimpawu. Kwezinye izingane, isikhathi sokululama singahlala izinyanga.

Ukwelashwa

Shayela udokotela uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inomkhuhlane wokukhwehlela. Ukuze enze ukuxilongwa, udokotela uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha, ahlole umzimba wonke, futhi angase athathe amasampula amafinyila ekhaleni nawomphimbo ukuze ahlolwe elebhu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi futhi i-X-ray yesifuba nayo ingenziwa.

Ukukhwehlela kwelashwa ngama-antibiotics. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-antibiotics asebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubude besifo lapho enikezwa esigabeni sokuqala sokugula, ngaphambili ukukhwehlela kuyaqala. Kodwa noma ngabe ama-antibiotics aqalwa kamuva, asabalulekile ngoba anganqanda ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-pertussis kwabanye. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ayadingeka yini ama-antibiotics noma ama-booster okugoma amanye amalungu omndeni.

Ezinye izingane ezinokukhwehlela zidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Izingane kanye nezingane ezincane kunamathuba amaningi okuthi zilaliswe esibhedlela ngoba zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezifana nalezi inyumoniya. Ukukhwehlela kungaba yingozi ezinsaneni ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6, ngakho-ke cishe njalo zidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zihlanganisa ukuphefumula kanzima, izikhathi zokuphefumula umoya, ukudinga umoya-mpilo (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela), kanye ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Lapho isesibhedlela, ingane ingase idinge ukumuncwa ukuze isuse imigudu yokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula kuzobhekwa eduze, futhi kunikezwe umoya-mpilo uma kudingeka. Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (IV) lungase ludingeke uma ingane ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma inenkinga yokudla. Kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasabalali kwezinye iziguli, izisebenzi zasesibhedlela kanye nezivakashi.

Ukunakekela Ekhaya

Uma ingane yakho yelashelwa i-pertussis ekhaya, landela uhlelo lokunikeza ama-antibiotic njengoba nje udokotela wakho akuyalile. Ukunikeza umuthi wokukhwehlela cishe ngeke kusize, njengoba ngisho namandla kakhulu ngokuvamile awakwazi ukukhulula ukukhwehlela kokukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela empeleni kuyindlela yomzimba yokuzama ukusula imigudu yokuphefumula. (Ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle engaba khona, imithi yokukhwehlela awakaze anconywe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.)

Ngesikhathi sokululama, vumela ingane yakho iphumule embhedeni futhi usebenzise isihwabha esipholile esipholile ukuze sisize ukuthobisa amaphaphu athukuthele kanye nemigudu yokuphefumula. (Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela iziqondiso zokuligcina lihlanzekile futhi lingenasikhunta.) Futhi gcina ikhaya lakho lingenazo izinto ezicasulayo ezingase zibangele ukukhwehlela, njengezifutho ze-aerosol; intuthu kagwayi; nentuthu yokupheka, iziko, nezitofu zokubasa izinkuni.

Izingane ezinokukhwehlela zingase zihlanze noma zingadli noma ziphuze kakhulu ngenxa yokukhwehlela. Ngakho-ke nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile futhi ukhuthaze ingane yakho ukuthi iphuze uketshezi oluningi. Buka izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa ukoma, ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki, ukukhathala, amehlo ashone phansi, umlomo owomile nolimi, isikhumba esomile, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, nohambo olumbalwa oluya endlini yokugezela ukuyochama (noma ezinganeni, amanabukeni ambalwa amanzi).

Umfonele Nini Udokotela

Shayela udokotela uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inokukhwehlela noma ike yachayeka kothile onokhwehlela, ngisho noma ingane yakho isivele inayo yonke imigomo ehleliwe ye-pertussis.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ingane yakho inezinhlamvu ezinde zokukhwehlela futhi:

• ukukhwehlela kwenza isikhumba noma izindebe zengane yakho zibe bomvu, zibe nsomi, noma zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ingane yakho iyahlanza ngemva kokukhwehlela
• kuzwakale umsindo wokukhwehlela emva kokukhwehlela
• ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula noma ibonakala inezikhathi ezifushane zokungaphefumuli (i-apnea)
• ingane yakho ibonakala ivilapha kakhulu

Uma ingane yakho kutholakale ukuthi inokhwehlela futhi yelashwa ekhaya, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma iba nobunzima bokuphefumula noma ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.