Yini I-Whooping Cough (Pertussis)?

Izimpawu Nezitshwayo

Izimpawu zokuqala zokukhwehlela okukhulu zifana nezomkhuhlane ovamile:

• ikhala eligobhozayo
• ukuthimula
• ukukhwehlela okuncane
• umkhuhlane omncane

Ngemuva kwamaviki angu-1 kuya kwangu-2, ukukhwehlela okomile, okucasulayo kuba ukukhwehlela okunzima. Phakathi nokukhwehlela, okungathatha isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu, ingane ingase ibe bomvu noma nsomi. Ekupheleni kokukhwehlela, ingane ingase yenze umsindo wokukhwehlela lapho iphefumula noma ihlanze. Phakathi kokukhwehlela, ingane ijwayele ukuba kahle.

Nakuba izinsana eziningi nezingane ezincane ezinokukhwehlela okukhulu zikhwehlela kakhulu futhi zikhwehlela okuyisici salolu hlobo lokukhwehlela, akuzona zonke ezenza kanjalo. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinsana azikhwehleli noma zikhwehlele njengezingane ezindala. Izinsana zingase zibonakale sengathi ziyaphefumula ngobuso obubomvu futhi zingase ziphele ngisho nokuphefumula (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-apnea) imizuzwana embalwa phakathi kwezingozi ezimbi kakhulu.

Abantu abadala nentsha bangase babe nezimpawu ezincane noma ezihlukile, njengokukhwehlela okude (kunokukhwehlela okunzima) noma ukukhwehlela okungavamile.

Ukuthelelwana

I-Pertussis iyatheleleka kakhulu. Amagciwane asakazeka kumuntu nomuntu ngamaconsi amancane oketshezi asuka ekhaleni noma emlonyeni womuntu osuleleke. Lokhu kungase kuthwalwe umoya lapho umuntu ethimula, ekhwehlela, noma ehleka. Abanye-ke bangatheleleka ngokuhogela amaconsi noma ngokuthola amaconsi ezandleni zabo bese bethinta imilomo noma amakhala abo.

Abantu abasulelwe bathelela kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesifo kuze kube cishe amasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuba ukhwehle luqalile. Ama-antibiotics afushane isikhathi sokuthelelwana ukuya ezinsukwini ezi-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics.

Ukuvimbela

Ukhwehle obukhali ungavimbelwa ngomgomo we-pertussis, oyingxenye yokugoma kwe-DTaP (i-diphtheria, i-tetanus, i-acellular pertussis).

Imigomo ye-DTaP ijwayele ukunikezwa ngemithamo emihlanu ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa lwengane lwesithupha. Ukuze kuvikelwe okwengeziwe uma kwenzeka ukungasasebenzi kahle kwamandla omzimba okuzivikela ezifweni, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu-11-18 zithole umjovo wokuvuselela umgomo omusha (obizwa nge-Tdap), ikakhulukazi lapho zineminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala.

Umgomo we-Tdap ufana ne-DTaP kodwa unamathamo amancane e-diphtheria ne-tetanus toxoid. Kufanele futhi unikezwe abantu abadala abangawutholanga besebancane noma besesesha. Umgomo uphinde unconywe kubo bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe ngesigamu sesibili sokukhulelwa ngakunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bawutholile yini umgomo ngaphambili, noma nini lapho unikezwe khona okokugcina.

Ukuthola umgomo kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlangana kakhulu nezinsana, ngoba izinsana zingahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu nezingase zibulale ngenxa yokukhwehlela okukhulu. Amandla omuntu omdala okuzivikela ekukhwehleleni okukhulu ancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke ukugoma nokuzivikela ekuthelelekeni kusiza nasekuyivikeleni ingane yakho ekutholeni lesi sifo.

Njengoba kunjalo ngawo wonke amashejuli wokugoma, kukhona okuhlukile okubalulekile nezimo ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzoba nolwazi olusha kakhulu.

Abantu abahlala noma abathintana eduze nomuntu onesifo se-pertussis kufanele bathole ama-antibiotics ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo, noma ngabe sebevele bagonyiwe ngayo. Izingane ezincane ezingazitholanga zonke izithamo ezinhlanu zomgomo zingadinga isithamo sokuvuselela uma zivezwe yilungu lomndeni elinegciwane.

Isikhathi Sokungenelela

Isikhathi sokungenelela (isikhathi phakathi kokutheleleka nokuqala kwezimpawu) sokukhwehlela okukhulu imvamisa siyizinsuku eziyisi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, kodwa singaba sezinsuku ezingama-21.

Isikhathi

I-Pertussis ijwayele ukubanga izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside — amasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 ezimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile, kulandelwe izinyanga ezi-3 zokukhwehlela okunzima.

Isigaba sokugcina siqukethe amanye amaviki ambalwa okwelulama ngokususwa kancane kwezimpawu. Kwezinye izingane, isikhathi sokululama singahlala izinyanga.

Ukwelapha

Shayela udokotela uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inokhwehle obukhali. Ukuze enze ukuxilongwa, udokotela uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha, enze ukuhlolwa komzimba okuphelele, futhi angase athathe amasampula amafinyila ekhaleni nasemphinjeni ukuze ahlolwe elabhorethri. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nesithombe se-X-ray sesifuba nakho kungenziwa.

Ukhwehle obukhali welashwa ngama-antibiotics. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-antibiotics asebenza kakhulu ekufushaneni isikhathi sokutheleleka lapho enikezwa esigabeni sokuqala sesifo, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhwehlela okunzima. Kodwa noma ngabe ama-antibiotics aqalwa kamuva, asabalulekile ngoba angamisa ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-pertussis kwabanye. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ama-antibiotics okuvikela noma izithuthukisi zomgomo zamalungu omndeni ayadingeka yini.

Ezinye izingane ezinokukhwehlela okukhulu zidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Izinsana nezingane ezincane kungenzeka zilaliswe esibhedlela ngoba zisengozini enkulu yezinkinga ezifana nomkhuhlane wamaphaphu. Ukhwehle obukhali ungabulala izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6, ngakho-ke cishe zihlala zidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele zihlanganisa ubunzima bokuphefumula, izikhathi ze-apnea, ukudinga umoya-mpilo (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhwehlela), nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

Ngesikhathi esibhedlela, ingane ingase idinge ukuncelisa ukuze kuhlanzwe imigudu yokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula kuzoqashelwa ngokucophelela, futhi kunikezwe umoya-mpilo uma kudingeka. Ama-fluids athatha umthambo (IV) angase adingeke uma ingane ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma inobunzima bokudla. Kuzothathwa izinyathelo zokuqapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuba kungasakazekeli kwezinye iziguli, abasebenzi basesibhedlela, nezivakashi.

Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya

Uma ingane yakho iphathwa ngenxa ye-pertussis ekhaya, landela isimiso sokunikeza ama-antibiotics ngendlela udokotela wakho akunqume ngayo. Ukunikeza umuthi wokukhwehlela cishe ngeke kusize, ngoba ngisho nokuqine kakhulu ngokuvamile ngeke kuphumule izikhathi zokukhwehlela okukhulu. Ukukhwehlela empeleni kuyindlela yomzimba yokuzama ukuhlanza imigudu yokuphefumula. (Ngenxa yemiphumela emibi engaba khona, imithi yokukhwehlela ayikaze inconywe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6.)

Ngesikhathi sokululama, vumela ingane yakho iphumule embhedeni futhi usebenzise isiphefumuli esipholile sokuthuthukisa amaphaphu acasulekile nemigudu yokuphefumula. (Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo yokuyigcina ihlanzekile futhi ingenawo amakhowe.) Futhi gcina ikhaya lakho lingenazo izinto ezicasulayo ezingabanga ukukhwehlela, njengeziphuzo zokufafaza; intuthu kagwayi; nentuthu evela ekuphekeni, eziko, nasezitofu ezishisa ngokhuni.

Izingane ezinesifo sokukhwehlela okukhulu zingahlanza noma zingadli noma zingaphuzi kakhulu ngenxa yokukhwehlela. Ngakho-ke nikeza izidlo ezincane, ezivame kakhulu futhi ukhuthaze ingane yakho ukuba iphuze uketshezi oluningi. Bheka izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa ukoma, ukucasuka, ukungaphatheki kahle, ukudangala, amehlo agaxekile, umlomo nolimi olomile, isikhumba esomile, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, kanye nokuhamba kancane endlini yangasese ukuze uchame (noma ezinsaneni, amanabukeni amancane amanzi).

Nini Ukushayela Udokotela

Shayela udokotela uma ucabanga ukuthi ingane yakho inokhwehle obukhali noma isivezwe komunye umuntu onokhwehle obukhali, noma ngabe ingane yakho isivele inayo yonke imigomo ye-pertussis ehleliwe.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ingane yakho inokukhwehlela okude kakhulu futhi:

• ukukhwehlela kubangela ukuba isikhumba noma izindebe zengane yakho zibe bomvu, nsomi, noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• ingane yakho ihlanza ngemuva kokukhwehlela
• kukhona umsindo wokukhwehlela ngemuva kokukhwehlela
• ingane yakho inobunzima bokuphefumula noma kubonakala sengathi inezikhathi ezifushane zokungaphefumuli (i-apnea)
• ingane yakho ibonakala ingawelanga kahle

Uma ingane yakho ixilongwe ngesifo sokukhwehlela okukhulu futhi iphathwa ekhaya, thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ihlakulela ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

FUNDA FUTHI: Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba wengane yakho kuleli busika