Ibhalwe ngu-Angie Dorrell, MA
Igama elithi 'izidingo ezikhethekile' livusa imizwa eminingi eyahlukene. Kwabanye, ukwesaba - ukwesaba ukuhluka, ukwesaba ukungaphenduli ngendlela efanele, noma ukwesaba ukuthi kungenzeka kubo; icala – bayajabula ukuthi akusibo; kanti kwabanye wuzwela nokuqonda. Ngenxa yokuthi siyazi ukuthi iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala yokuphila komntwana inikeza isisekelo sokuzethemba nombono wengane ngezwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi othisha bezingane banikeze indawo ephephile nelondekile. Phakathi nale minyaka yokuqala umntwana angafunda ukuba umfundi oshisekayo, ojabule noma afunde ukuhlehla, angahileleki, angazami, futhi anganakwa. Nakuba othisha bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa bengeke bathathe indawo yochwepheshe abadingwa yingane, ukuba nolwazi lwezindawo ezinezidingo ezikhethekile zezingane kubalulekile ekunikezeni lezi zingane ezinhlelweni zakho. Kulesi sihloko, sizobuyekeza izincazelo, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa kanye nezinganekwane mayelana ne-ADHD, I-Early Starting Bi-Polar Disorder, kanye ne-Sensory Integration Disorder.
I-Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD)
I-ADHD manje yigama elamukelwayo lalokho okwakwaziwa nangokuthi i-ADD noma i-ADD/ADHD. I-ADHD ezinganeni ezincane iwukuthatheka ngendlela engafanele, ukunganaki, kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. Wonke umuntu ubonisa izimpawu zokuziphatha okujwayelekile kwe-ADHD ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uchwepheshe wezokwelapha anikeze ingane nomndeni wayo ukuxilongwa okuqinile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezincane ze-ADHD, kodwa ngokuvamile lezi zingane
- behluleka ukunakisisa imininingwane nokwenza amaphutha anganaki
- abanakile futhi ababonakali belalele
- kunzima ukulandela imiyalelo
- babe nobunzima ekuhleleni futhi bavame ukulahlekelwa izinto
- gwema noma ungathandi imisebenzi edinga umzamo wengqondo oqhubekayo
- banyakaze ngezandla noma ngezinyawo noma bashikishe esitulweni
- babe nobunzima bokuhlela uhlelo oluhambisanayo lwesenzo sokubhekana nenkinga
- ayikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa
- babe nobunzima bokuhlukanisa izimpendulo ezingokomzwelo nezinengqondo enkingeni
- phazamisa noma ugxambukele kwabanye futhi ube nobunzima bokulinda noma ukushintshana.
Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa kwe-ADHD
Isizathu esiqondile se-ADHD sisaqhubeka singaziwa. Njengamanje, ucwaningo oluningi luphakamisa isisekelo se-neurobiological, isimo somzimba esivela ezinkingeni ezisebuchosheni. Njengoba i-ADHD isebenza emindenini, ifa libonakala liyisici esibalulekile futhi. Izingane ezitholakala zine-ADHD zidinga ukwelashwa ngochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Kuningi ukungenelela okungahle kunqunywe, okuhlanganisa imfundo yomzali nothisha, amasu okungenelela ekuziphatheni, ukwelulekwa, kanye nemithi, uma kudingeka.
I-Bi-Polar Disorder
I-Bi-Polar Disorder yaziwa nangokuthi i-manic-depression futhi ezinganeni njenge-Early-Onse Bi-Polar Disorder. Kuwukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphawulwa ukushintsha okukhulu kwemizwa, amandla, nokuziphatha. Izimpawu zingase zibe khona ebuntwaneni noma ebuntwaneni, noma zivele ngokuzumayo ebusheni noma ekukhuleni. Izingane ezine-Bi-Polar Disorder zihamba ngebhayisikili ngokushesha futhi okunzima phakathi kwemizwa, okuvame ukukhiqiza ukucasuka okungapheli ngoba ingane ayizizwa kahle ngempela. Akuvamile ukuba nezinye iziyaluyalu ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuhlanganise ADHD, Panic Disorder, noma Conduct Disorder.
Ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-Bi-Polar Disorder yilezi:
- ukunwebeka noma ukucasuka kwemizwa
- ukucindezeleka
- imizwa eshintsha ngokushesha ethatha amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa
- ulaka oluqhumayo, olude, futhi oluvame ukucekela phansi, ngokuvamile aluhambisani nendaba
- ukukhathazeka ngokuhlukana
- ukwedelela igunya - igama elithi "cha" livame ukubangela ukucasuka
- ukungasebenzi kahle
- ukuyaluza
- ukulala kancane noma kakhulu.
Izimbangela Nokwelashwa Kwe-Bi-Polar Disorder
Lesi sifo sivame ukuba nofuzo oluphezulu, kodwa imbangela yangempela ayikaziwa. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kunikeza izingane ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuthola ukuzinza, zithole izinga eliphezulu lempilo enhle, futhi zikhule zijabulele ukuphila futhi zakhele phezu kwamandla azo. Kodwa-ke, ukuxilongwa okufanele kuseyinselele, ngoba ngokuvamile kuhambisana nezimpawu zezinye izifo.
I-Sensory Integration Disorder
I-Sensory Integration Disorder yaziwa nangokuthi Ukungasebenzi Ekuhlanganiseni Kwezinzwa (DSI) noma Ukungasebenzi Kwe-Sensory Integration Dysfunction. Izingane ezinenkinga yokuhlanganisa zinezinkinga zokucubungula izinzwa, ezibangela ubunzima ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ubuchopho obusebenza ngokujwayelekile buthola ulwazi lwezinzwa emzimbeni nasezindaweni ezizungezile, buhumushe imilayezo etholiwe, futhi buhlele impendulo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhamba unqamula igumbi, umzimba uyezwa lapho kufanele uye khona ngapha nangapha, indlela yokulinganisela, indlela yokugwema izithiyo, nendlela yokuhambisa izingxenye zomzimba, konke lokhu ngaphandle komzamo oqotho. Izingane ezine-Sensory Integration Disorder zinobunzima bokubona, ukulawula, ukubandlulula, noma ukuhlanganisa imizwa ngendlela efanele. Lobu bunzima bubenza bakwazi ukucubungula imizwa evela endaweni ezungezile noma emizimbeni yabo ngendlela engalungile.
I-Sensory Integration Disorder iziveza ngendlela ehlukile, ngokuvamile ngezindlela ezibonakala ziphambene, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zesifo. Kuvame kakhulu futhi ukuthi izimpawu zingahambelani kakhulu - zingenzeka ngokuqhubekayo noma ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinye zezimpawu zihlanganisa:
- ukuzwela ngokweqile noma ukuphendula ngokweqile emuzweni
- ukungasebenzi kahle
- ukungezwa ukuthintwa noma ubuhlungu noma ukuthinta abanye kaningi noma kanzima kakhulu
- ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okungaphephile njengokukhwela phezulu kakhulu
- ukujabulela imisindo ephezulu kakhulu noma ongakhululekile endaweni enomsindo, ematasa
- ukuphendula ekuthinteni ngolaka noma ukuhoxa
- ukwesaba noma ukugula ngenxa yokunyakaza nokuphakama
- ukungazimisele ukuthatha ubungozi noma ukuzama izinto ezintsha
- ubuhlanya
- ukuntula kahle kanye namakhono emoto abi
- ubunzima belingisa ukunyakaza kanye
- inkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumana.
Izimbangela Nokwelashwa Kwe-Sensory Integration Disorder
Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bucubungula imiyalezo yezinzwa emzimbeni womuntu noma endaweni ezungezile. Njengoba kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe, kwakhiwa izindlela eziningi nezindlela zokwelapha ukusiza izingane. Ngalawa masu, abelapha emsebenzini benza izingane zikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ezenzweni ezivamile zobuntwana - ukudlala nabangani, ukujabulela isikole, ukudla, ukugqoka nokulala.
Izinganekwane Ezivamile mayelana ne-ADHD, i-Bi-Polar Disorder, kanye ne-Sensory Integration Disorder
I-ADHD
Inganekwane #1: “Ilebula elithi ADHD lisetshenziswa ngokweqile, limane liyizaba zabazali abangazikhuzi izingane zabo.”
Iqiniso: Ayikho into engaba kude neqiniso! Iningi lezingane ezine-ADHD lisabela kahle ohlotsheni olulungile lwesiyalo nokungenelela, kodwa kuze kube yilapho ubuchopho babo bungasizwa ukuthi busebenze kahle, kuseduze nokungenakwenzeka ngabo ukuthi bagxile futhi baphendule.
Inganekwane #2: "Zonke izingane ezine-ADHD ziku-Ritalin."
Iqiniso: Imithi kufanele icatshangelwe ngokucophelela njengenketho yezinye izingane futhi ilandelwe eduze nguchwepheshe wezokwelapha ofanelekile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene kanye nezigaba zemithi etholakalayo.
Inganekwane #3: “Ukwelashwa akudingekile ngempela. Izingane zikhula kune-ADHD. "
Iqiniso: Izimpawu eziningi ziyaqhubeka zize zibe abantu abadala, nakuba zingase zinciphe njengoba izingane zithomba noma zisencane ubudala.
Inganekwane #4: “Izingane ezine-ADHD azihlakaniphe kakhulu.”
Iqiniso: Nakuba ezinye izingane zinokuhlakanipha okungaphansi kwesilinganiso, izingane eziningi ze-ADHD empeleni ziyisilinganiso esingaphezu kwesilinganiso sokuhlakanipha. Ubunzima babo bokuhambela nokugxila kuvame ukuma endleleni yabo yokubonisa lokho abakwaziyo ngempela.
I-Bi-Polar Disorder
Inganekwane #1: "Okuwukuphela kwesizathu sokuthi ukuxilongwa kube nzima yingoba abazali bayaphika."
Iqiniso: Nakuba ukuba nengane enezidingo ezikhethekile kusabisa, iningi labazali liyakwedlula ukuphika futhi liyakhululeka lapho kuxilongwa ukuxilongwa. Ngenxa yokuhlangana nezinye izifo, i-Bi-Polar Disorder ibe nzima futhi isaqhubeka nokuba nzima ukuyixilonga. Ngokuvamile kungathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqinile.
I-Sensory Integration Disorder
Inganekwane #1: “Ingane imane yenza sengathi iphuma ekudleni engakuthandi noma yenza into engafuni ukuyenza.
Iqiniso: Lokhu akukhona ukungasebenzi kahle ingane engakulawula. Njengoba ingane ifunda ukuhlanganisa izinzwa zayo ngendlela efanele, izokhululeka - futhi mhlawumbe ijabule ngokuzama ukudla okuhlukile.
Izidingo Ezikhethekile Ngokombono Womzali
Abazali badinga abafundisi basebancane ukuze basebenzisane nabo njengabalingani, bondle imikhaya yabo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuthanda nokunakekela ingane yabo, kungakhathaliseki ukukhubazeka okuhilelekile. Abanye abazali bangase bangabaze ukutshela uthisha ukuthi ingane yabo iphethwe yini. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba, kodwa abazali abazama ukuthola ukuthi bangayisiza kanjani ingane yabo futhi ngezinye izikhathi nabo ngokwabo, bangase besabe isinqumo sikathisha noma impatho ezotholwa ingane yabo uma isidingo esikhethekile sesibonakalisiwe. Abazali nabo bavame ukwesaba ukusolwa, futhi ngokuvamile babe nesilinganiso esingalungile secala ngokwabo, ngisho nangemva kokuqinisekiswa ukuthi ukukhubazeka akulona iphutha labo. Abanye abazali bangase bazizwe bekhululekile ekugcineni bazi ukuthi kwenzekani ngengane yabo futhi babe negama abazolibeka kuyo. Ngezinye izikhathi le mizwa ingase ibonakale ingafanele kumuntu obukele, kodwa akekho umzali ofisa isidingo esikhethekile enganeni yakhe. Impumuzo itholakala ekwazini ukuthi yini engalungile ngengane yabo kanye nokuba nohlelo olufanele lwesenzo.
Iqhaza Lomfundisi
Ngezinye izikhathi othisha abamatasa bangase bazizwe bekhishwa inyumbazane ezindaweni ezikhethekile umzali azicela kubo. Nokho, lezi zicelo, ngokusobala, zisiza ingane futhi zakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwabasebenzi nomndeni. Njengothisha, celani kubazali bezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile ngemibono nokusikisela kwekilasi. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane ezwela ngokweqile lapho ithintwa ingase idinge ukuza nengubo ekhethekile nomcamelo ekhaya ukuze ithole isikhathi sokuphumula noma ingane enezinkinga zokunambitha ingase idinge ukwazi imenyu isonto kusengaphambili futhi ivunyelwe ukuletha ukudla kwasemini kwesaka. izinsuku ezithile. Ukwengeza, kungasiza kakhulu ukukhuluma nomelaphi wemisebenzi ngokuqondile mayelana nemisebenzi engahlanganiswa nekharikhulamu evamile ezizoyijabulela zonke izingane. Qiniseka ukuthi njalo ufuna imvume ebhaliwe kubazali futhi wabelane ngemiphumela yengxoxo yakho nabazali.
Abazali nabo badinga ukuxhumana okuqotho nokukhululekile okuvela kuwe. Uma wena nabazali bengane nivumelana ukuthi kulandelelwe ukuziphatha okuthile noma kunikezwe imithi ngesikhathi esithile, kubalulekile ukuthi imisebenzi iqedwe. Kuyinselele eqhubekayo ukuthola ukuthi ingabe umuthi/ukwelashwa kuyasebenza, uma kunemiphumela engemihle, noma ukuziphatha okuthile kuba ngcono noma kuba kubi kakhulu. Ukungabambisani noma ukungazilandeli izicelo kubukela phansi imizamo yomzali futhi kulimaza ingane kuphela.
Kulesi sihloko, sigxile kakhulu ezinganeni ezinesidingo esikhethekile esitholakele, kodwa kuthiwani uma ukhathazekile ngengane? Lonke uhlelo kufanele lube nenqubo yokusingatha lokhu kukhathazeka, okufanele kubandakanye isethi yezinsiza zabazali. Yazi kusenesikhathi ukuthi isenzo sakho sizoba yini kuzilungiselelo ezihlukene futhi ube nohlelo lwezimo ezibandakanya abazali abangahambisani nokukhathazeka kwakho.
Umthombo: http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=681
